Uganda: general information about country, happiness index 2024

World Happiness Report for Uganda 2024

  • Overall Happiness Rank Uganda: 117
  • Happiness Score Uganda:4.372

Happiness is a subjective concept that has long been debated by philosophers, psychologists, and economists alike. However, in recent years, there has been a growing interest in quantifying happiness and using it as a measure of a nation’s overall well-being. This is where the concept of the Happiness Index comes into play.

What is the Happiness Index?

The Happiness Index is a measure that attempts to quantify the overall happiness and life satisfaction of a country’s population. It is based on the idea that traditional economic indicators, such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP), do not fully capture the overall well-being of a society. The Happiness Index takes into account various factors that contribute to an individual’s sense of happiness and life satisfaction, including social support, freedom to make life choices, healthy life expectancy, and perceptions of corruption.

How is the Happiness Index Calculated?

The Happiness Index is calculated through a combination of subjective and objective data. The primary source of data is the Gallup World Poll, which is a survey conducted in over 160 countries. The survey asks respondents to rate their overall life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10, with 0 being the worst possible life and 10 being the best possible life.

In addition to the life satisfaction score, the Happiness Index also takes into account the following factors:

  1. GDP per capita: This is a measure of a country’s economic output and standard of living.
  2. Social support: This factor measures the extent to which individuals have supportive relationships and love in their lives.
  3. Healthy life expectancy: This is a measure of the number of years an individual is expected to live in good health.
  4. Freedom to make life choices: This factor measures the extent to which individuals are able to make decisions about their lives without external constraints.
  5. Generosity: This factor measures the extent to which individuals engage in charitable activities and donate to others.
  6. Perceptions of corruption: This factor measures the extent to which individuals perceive their society to be free from corruption.

These factors are weighted and combined to produce an overall Happiness Index score for each country.

What Does the Happiness Index Affect?

The Happiness Index has significant implications for policymaking and societal well-being. Countries with higher Happiness Index scores are generally considered to have better overall quality of life and well-being for their citizens. This can have positive impacts on various aspects of society, including:

  1. Economic productivity: Happier individuals tend to be more productive and engaged in their work, which can contribute to a country’s economic growth.
  2. Public health: Higher levels of happiness and life satisfaction are associated with better physical and mental health outcomes, which can reduce healthcare costs and improve overall well-being.
  3. Social cohesion: Societies with higher levels of happiness tend to have stronger social bonds and lower levels of conflict and crime.
  4. Environmental sustainability: Happier individuals may be more likely to engage in environmentally-friendly behaviors and support policies that promote sustainability.

By focusing on the factors that contribute to happiness and well-being, policymakers can develop strategies to improve the overall quality of life for their citizens. The Happiness Index provides a valuable tool for measuring progress and identifying areas where improvements can be made.

Short information

  • Abbreviation of Uganda. UG.

    Uganda is a landlocked country located in East Africa. It gained independence from British colonial rule in 1962 and has a presidential republic political structure. The country is known for its diverse ethnic groups and rich cultural traditions, including music, dance, and art. Uganda’s economy is largely based on agriculture, with coffee being a major export.

  • Uganda is home to more than 50 different indigenous languages.
  • The country is known for its abundant wildlife, including rare species such as mountain gorillas and chimpanzees.
  • Uganda is the source of the Nile River, the longest river in the world.
  • Uganda – A Comprehensive Overview

    Overview

    Early History: The area now known as Uganda has been inhabited by various ethnic groups for centuries, with the earliest known civilizations being the Bantu-speaking kingdoms of Buganda and Bunyoro. These kingdoms established centralized monarchies and developed advanced agricultural and metal-working techniques.

    Kingdoms and Empires: In the 19th century, the powerful Kingdom of Buganda emerged as a dominant force in the region, controlling much of present-day Uganda. The kingdom was later incorporated into the British colonial empire.

    Colonial Period: Uganda was a part of the British East Africa Protectorate from the late 19th century until its independence in 1962. The British established administrative structures and introduced cash crops, such as cotton and coffee, which became important exports.

    Independence and Modern Era: Uganda gained independence on October 9, 1962, with Milton Obote as its first Prime Minister. The country experienced political instability, including the dictatorial regime of Idi Amin (1971-1979) and civil wars. After a period of relative stability under Yoweri Museveni’s presidency since 1986, Uganda has made progress in economic development and reducing poverty.

    Current Political Situation: Uganda is a presidential republic, with the current President being Yoweri Museveni, who has been in power since 1986. The country has a multi-party democratic system, but concerns have been raised about restrictions on political freedoms and human rights.

    International Relations: Uganda is a member of various international organizations, including the United Nations, the African Union, and the East African Community. It has traditionally maintained good relations with its neighbors and played a role in regional peacekeeping efforts.

    Human Development and Economy: Uganda has a predominantly agricultural economy, with coffee, tea, and fish being major exports. The country has made progress in reducing poverty and improving access to education and healthcare, but challenges remain in areas like infrastructure development and income inequality.

    Cultural Highlights: Uganda is home to a diverse array of ethnic groups, including the Baganda, Banyankole, Basoga, and Bakiga. English and Swahili are the official languages, but many local languages are also spoken. The country has a rich cultural heritage, including traditional music, dance, and handicrafts.

    Challenges and Opportunities: Uganda faces challenges such as managing its rapid population growth, addressing corruption, improving infrastructure, and promoting sustainable economic development. However, the country’s natural resources, including oil reserves, and its strategic location in East Africa present opportunities for further growth and development.

    Travel Tips for Uganda

    – Best times to visit: December to February and June to August (dry seasons).
    – Cultural etiquette: Dress modestly, remove shoes when entering homes, greet elders respectfully.
    – Safety precautions: Exercise caution in crowded areas, avoid travel at night, and follow local advice.
    – Must-see landmarks: Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Murchison Falls National Park, Kasubi Tombs, and the Source of the Nile.
    – Culinary experiences: Try local dishes like matoke (banana stew), luwombo (meat steamed in banana leaves), and rolex (chapati with egg and vegetables).

    Living in Uganda

    – Cost of living: Relatively low, with affordable housing and transportation options.
    – Housing: Rental properties are available in urban areas, or consider buying land and building.
    – Healthcare: Public healthcare is accessible but may have limited resources; private facilities offer better quality.
    – Education: Public and private schools are available, with international schools in major cities.
    – Lifestyle: Relaxed pace of life, vibrant cultural scene, and opportunities for outdoor activities.
    – Cultural norms: Respect for elders, community-oriented, and warm hospitality.
    – Legal requirements: Obtain the necessary visas and permits for long-term residency.

    Doing Business in Uganda

    – Business culture: Emphasis on building personal relationships and patience in negotiations.
    – Economic climate: Stable economy with opportunities in agriculture, tourism, and emerging sectors like oil and gas.
    – Key industries: Agriculture (coffee, tea, fish), manufacturing, construction, and services.
    – Legal frameworks: Regulations for starting a business, obtaining licenses, and compliance with labor laws.
    – Negotiation strategies: Be prepared for extended negotiations, build trust, and consider local customs.
    – Building relationships: Participate in social events, show respect for hierarchies, and develop local networks.

    Studying in Uganda

    – Educational system: Structured similarly to the British system, with primary, secondary, and tertiary levels.
    – Top universities: Makerere University, Uganda Christian University, and Mbarara University of Science and Technology.
    – Student life: Vibrant campus communities, student organizations, and opportunities for extracurricular activities.
    – Visa requirements: International students need to obtain a student visa and meet admission criteria.
    – Opportunities: Exposure to diverse cultures, hands-on learning experiences, and affordable tuition fees.

Main facts

1. Location

Uganda is a landlocked country situated across the East African Plateau in Eastern Africa. It lies within the Nile Basin and shares borders with Kenya to the east, South Sudan to the north, the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west, Rwanda to the southwest, and Tanzania to the south.

2. Map References

Uganda is located in the Eastern Africa region.

3. Area – Comparative

With a total area of 241,038 sq km, Uganda is slightly smaller than the state of Oregon in the United States.

4. Land Boundaries and Border Countries

Uganda shares land boundaries with the following countries:

5. Coastline

Uganda is a landlocked country and does not have a coastline.

6. Maritime Claims

As a landlocked country, Uganda does not have any maritime claims.

7. Climate

Uganda has a tropical climate, with temperatures ranging from 25°C to 29°C (77°F to 84°F). The country experiences two rainy seasons, one from March to May and another from October to November.

8. Terrain

Uganda’s landscape is predominantly comprised of a plateau, with a rim of mountains in the east and west. The country also features fertile valleys, rivers, and lakes, including the western branch of the East African Rift Valley.

9. Elevation Extremes

Highest Point: Margherita Peak on Mount Stanley (5,109 m)
Lowest Point: Albert Nile (621 m)

10. Natural Resources

Uganda’s major natural resources include copper, cobalt, hydropower, limestone, salt, arable land, and fertile soils.

11. Major Bodies of Water

Uganda’s significant water bodies include:

  • Lake Victoria (shared with Kenya and Tanzania)
  • Lake Albert (shared with the Democratic Republic of the Congo)
  • Lake Edward (shared with the Democratic Republic of the Congo)
  • Lake Kyoga
  • Victoria Nile River
  • Albert Nile River

12. Natural Hazards

The major natural hazards in Uganda include floods, droughts, earthquakes, and landslides.

13. Geography – Notes

Uganda is home to a diverse range of landscapes, including lush rainforests, savannas, and snow-capped mountains. The country’s location along the Nile River and the presence of several lakes contribute to its rich biodiversity and natural resources. However, environmental challenges such as deforestation, soil erosion, and water pollution pose threats to the country’s ecosystems.

  • Forest Area (% of land area): 9.70%. This is the percentage of a country’s total land area that is covered by natural or planted forests.
  • Co2 Emissions: 5,68. CO2 emissions refer to the release of carbon dioxide gas into the atmosphere, primarily from the burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas) for energy production, transportation, and industrial processes.
  • Agricultural Land( %). 71.90%. Agricultural land refers to the share of land area that is arable and used for cultivating crops or raising livestock.
  • Geographic Coordinates:  1.37333332.290275.
  • Capital: The capital of Uganda is  Kampala
  • Major Cities:
    • Kampala – Population: 1,680,000
    • Gulu – Population: 162,100
    • Lira – Population: 119,323
    • Mbale – Population: 96,189
  • Population: 44,269,594
  • Area(Km2): 241038
  • Population Density( P/Km²):229. This is the number of people living per square kilometer of land area in a given region or country.
  • Calling Code:256
  • Official Language(s):Uganda is English (official) with 88.7% and Swahili at 9.6%.
  • Currency: UGX

Main Economic Indicators

Uganda has a developing economy driven by agriculture and services. Its GDP stood at $37.4 billion in 2021, with a diverse range of sectors including agriculture, industry, and services. Key economic challenges include infrastructure deficits, corruption, and a high poverty rate. Notable policies aim to promote private sector growth, attract foreign investment, and develop the oil and gas industry.

Inflation Rate (Consumer Prices)

2021: 3.5% (Source: World Bank)
2020: 4.7% (Source: World Bank)

Credit Ratings

Fitch: B+ (Stable Outlook)
Moody’s: B2 (Stable Outlook)
Standard & Poor’s: B+ (Stable Outlook)

GDP – Composition by Sector of Origin

Agriculture: 24.2%
Industry: 20.9%
Services: 54.9%

Key Agricultural and Industrial Products

Agricultural: Coffee, tea, cotton, tobacco, cassava, potatoes, corn, millet, pulses, beef, goat meat, milk, nile perch, bananas
Industrial: Sugar, brewing, tobacco, cotton textiles, cement, steel products

Labor Force

Total Labor Force: 19.5 million (2021 est.)
Labor Force Ranking: 31st globally

Current Account Balance

2021: -$2.8 billion (4.6% of GDP)
2020: -$2.3 billion (4.4% of GDP)
Ranking: 167th globally (2021 est.)

Exports and Imports

Exports: $3.9 billion (2021 est.)
Key Partners: United Arab Emirates, Kenya, Netherlands, Rwanda
Main Commodities: Coffee, fish, tea, cotton, flowers, vegetables
Imports: $7.8 billion (2021 est.)
Key Partners: China, United Arab Emirates, India, Japan, Kenya
Main Commodities: Capital equipment, vehicles, petroleum, medical supplies, cereals

Reserves of Foreign Exchange and Gold

Foreign Exchange Reserves: $4.2 billion (2021 est.)
Gold Reserves: 0.19 million ounces (2021 est.)

  • GDP (Current US$):$34,387,229,486. It represents a country’s gross domestic product measured in current US dollars. Higher values indicate a larger economy and economic output.
  • Tax Revenue (% of GDP): 11.70%. It refers to the amount of tax revenue collected by the government, expressed as a percentage of the country’s gross domestic product (GDP). Higher values indicate a higher tax burden relative to the size of the economy.
  • Total Tax Rate (% of commercial profits): 33.70%. This is the sum of all taxes payable by businesses, expressed as a percentage of their commercial profits. Higher values indicate a higher tax burden on businesses.
  • Gasoline Price. $0.94. It refers to the cost of one liter or gallon of gasoline/petrol. Higher values indicate more expensive gasoline prices for consumers and businesses.
  • Minimum wage. $0.01. It refers to the lowest legally mandated hourly wage that employers must pay their workers. Higher values indicate a higher minimum level of pay for low-wage workers.
  • Unemployment Rate (%): 1.84%. It represents the percentage of the labor force that is unemployed and actively seeking employment. Higher values indicate more joblessness in the economy.

Social Indicators

1. National Identity

Noun: Ugandan(s)
Adjective: Ugandan

2. Ethnic Groups

Major Ethnic Groups:
– Baganda (16.5%)
– Banyankole (9.6%)
– Basoga (8.8%)
– Bakiga (7.1%)
– Iteso (7.0%)
– Langi (6.3%)
– Acholi (4.7%)
– Bagisu (4.6%)
– Lugbara (4.2%)
– Others (31.2%)

3. Religions

Religious Affiliations:
– Christian (84.5%)
– Muslim (13.7%)
– Other (1.8%)

4. Age Structure

Distribution:
– 0-14 years: 47.8%
– 15-64 years: 49.1%
– 65 years and over: 3.1%

5. Dependency Ratios

Total Dependency Ratio: 103.4
Youth Dependency Ratio: 97.4
Elderly Dependency Ratio: 6.0

6. Median Age

Median Age:
– Total: 15.7 years
– Male: 15.3 years
– Female: 16.1 years

7. Lifestyle Indicators

Obesity Rate: 5.5% of the adult population
Alcohol Consumption: 9.5 liters of pure alcohol per capita per year
Tobacco Use: 16.4% of adults use tobacco products
HIV/AIDS Prevalence: 5.7% of the adult population

  • Life Expectancy at Birth: 63. Life Expectancy at Birth refers to the estimated average number of years a newborn is expected to live based on current mortality rates. Higher values indicate better health outcomes and living conditions in a country or region.
  • Literacy Rate (% of adults): 76.5%. It refers to the percentage of the population aged 15 and above who can read and write with understanding of a short simple statement about their everyday life. Higher literacy rates indicate better educational attainment within a population.
  • Birth Rate:38.14. Birth Rate is the total number of live births per 1,000 population in a given year. Higher birth rates indicate a larger share of the population being born each year.
  • Death Rate:6. Death Rate is the number of deaths per 1,000 population in a given year. Higher death rates indicate more people dying annually within a population.
  • Fertility Rate: 4.96. Fertility Rate is the average number of children a woman would have over her reproductive years based on current birth rates. Higher fertility rates indicate larger family sizes and population growth.
  • Internet Users (% of population): 22.2%. Internet Users (% of population) refers to the percentage of the total population in a country or region that has access to and uses the internet. Higher values indicate greater internet penetration and connectivity among the population.
  • Urban Population: 10,784,516. Urban Population refers to the percentage or number of people living in urban areas or cities within a country or region. Higher urban population values indicate greater urbanization and concentration of people in cities compared to rural areas.
  • Out of Pocket Health Expenditure (% of total health expenditure):40.50%. Out of Pocket Health Expenditure (% of total health expenditure) represents the portion of total health care costs that individuals pay directly out of their own pockets, rather than being covered by insurance or government programs. Higher values indicate greater personal financial burden for health care expenses.

Infrastructure and Services

Military and Security Forces

Uganda’s military consists of the following branches:

  • Uganda People’s Defence Force (UPDF) – The UPDF is the national military comprising the Ugandan Army, Air Force, and Special Forces.
  • Uganda Police Force – The national law enforcement agency responsible for internal security and public order.

Military Expenditures

Military spending as a percentage of GDP for the last five years:

  • 2021: 1.9%
  • 2020: 1.7%
  • 2019: 1.7%
  • 2018: 1.5%
  • 2017: 1.6%

Uganda’s military spending ranks 87th globally.

Personnel Strengths

Total active-duty military personnel: 45,000

  • Army: 40,000
  • Air Force: 5,000

The Uganda Police Force has a strength of around 45,000 personnel.

Military Equipment Inventories and Acquisitions

Main military hardware includes:

  • Tanks and armored vehicles (T-55, T-72, BTR-80, Mamba APCs)
  • Towed and self-propelled artillery (D-30, M-30, M-101, M-109)
  • Combat aircraft (Su-30MK, MiG-21, L-39)
  • Transport aircraft and helicopters (Mi-24, Mi-17, An-32)

Uganda is currently in the process of acquiring Su-30MK multirole fighter jets from Russia.

Military Service Age and Obligation

The military service age range is 18-30 years old.

Military service is voluntary, but the government maintains the right to institute conscription in times of national emergency.

Military Deployments

Strategic Military Notes

Uganda’s defense strategy focuses on counterterrorism efforts, particularly against the Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) militant group operating in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. The UPDF also prioritizes maintaining stability in the East African region through participation in peacekeeping missions.

Uganda is a member of the East African Community (EAC) and has a military partnership with the United States through the African Contingency Operations Training and Assistance (ACOTA) program.

  • Armed Forces Size: 45000. Armed Forces Size refers to the total number of active personnel serving in a country’s military forces, including the army, navy, air force, and other branches. Higher values indicate a larger military presence and personnel.
  • Physicians per Thousand: Number of doctors per 1,000 people is 0.17
  • Population: Labor Force Participation (%): 70.30%. This is the percentage of the total population aged 15 and older that is economically active, meaning they are either employed or actively seeking employment. Higher values indicate a greater proportion of the working-age population engaged in the labor force.

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