Taiwan: general information about country, happiness index 2024

World Happiness Report for Taiwan 2024

  • Overall Happiness Rank Taiwan: 31
  • Happiness Score Taiwan:6.503

Happiness is a subjective concept that has long been debated by philosophers, psychologists, and economists alike. However, in recent years, there has been a growing interest in quantifying happiness and using it as a measure of a nation’s overall well-being. This is where the concept of the Happiness Index comes into play.

What is the Happiness Index?

The Happiness Index is a measure that attempts to quantify the overall happiness and life satisfaction of a country’s population. It is based on the idea that traditional economic indicators, such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP), do not fully capture the overall well-being of a society. The Happiness Index takes into account various factors that contribute to an individual’s sense of happiness and life satisfaction, including social support, freedom to make life choices, healthy life expectancy, and perceptions of corruption.

How is the Happiness Index Calculated?

The Happiness Index is calculated through a combination of subjective and objective data. The primary source of data is the Gallup World Poll, which is a survey conducted in over 160 countries. The survey asks respondents to rate their overall life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10, with 0 being the worst possible life and 10 being the best possible life.

In addition to the life satisfaction score, the Happiness Index also takes into account the following factors:

  1. GDP per capita: This is a measure of a country’s economic output and standard of living.
  2. Social support: This factor measures the extent to which individuals have supportive relationships and love in their lives.
  3. Healthy life expectancy: This is a measure of the number of years an individual is expected to live in good health.
  4. Freedom to make life choices: This factor measures the extent to which individuals are able to make decisions about their lives without external constraints.
  5. Generosity: This factor measures the extent to which individuals engage in charitable activities and donate to others.
  6. Perceptions of corruption: This factor measures the extent to which individuals perceive their society to be free from corruption.

These factors are weighted and combined to produce an overall Happiness Index score for each country.

What Does the Happiness Index Affect?

The Happiness Index has significant implications for policymaking and societal well-being. Countries with higher Happiness Index scores are generally considered to have better overall quality of life and well-being for their citizens. This can have positive impacts on various aspects of society, including:

  1. Economic productivity: Happier individuals tend to be more productive and engaged in their work, which can contribute to a country’s economic growth.
  2. Public health: Higher levels of happiness and life satisfaction are associated with better physical and mental health outcomes, which can reduce healthcare costs and improve overall well-being.
  3. Social cohesion: Societies with higher levels of happiness tend to have stronger social bonds and lower levels of conflict and crime.
  4. Environmental sustainability: Happier individuals may be more likely to engage in environmentally-friendly behaviors and support policies that promote sustainability.

By focusing on the factors that contribute to happiness and well-being, policymakers can develop strategies to improve the overall quality of life for their citizens. The Happiness Index provides a valuable tool for measuring progress and identifying areas where improvements can be made.

Short information

  • Abbreviation of Taiwan. TW.

    Taiwan is a democratic country with a president as the head of state and a multi-party system

  • known for its rich and diverse cultural heritage, including traditional Chinese and indigenous influences
  • an economic powerhouse in the global market, known for its high-tech industry and innovative businesses
  • Taiwan – Comprehensive Overview

    History

    Early History: Taiwan’s earliest known inhabitants were Austronesian tribal people thought to have arrived around 4,000 BC. The first records date back to the 17th century when the island became a Dutch colonial holding. After the Dutch were expelled by Ming loyalists, Taiwan became an overseas territory of the Qing Dynasty in 1683.

    Kingdoms and Empires: Taiwan was ruled by a succession of Chinese dynasties until 1895 when the Qing Dynasty ceded Taiwan to Japan after the First Sino-Japanese War. Taiwan remained under Japanese colonial rule until the end of World War II in 1945.

    Colonial Period: After World War II, Taiwan was placed under the temporary rule of the Republic of China led by Chiang Kai-shek. This was intended as a brief military occupation, but the start of the Chinese Civil War prevented reunification with Mainland China.

    Independence and Modern Era: In 1949, after losing the civil war to the Communist Party of China, Chiang Kai-shek’s Kuomintang (KMT) government fled to Taiwan and established the temporary capital in Taipei. This led to decades of martial law and tense cross-strait relations. Democratization began in the late 1980s, leading to Taiwan’s first direct presidential election in 1996.

    Current Political Situation: Taiwan is a semi-presidential constitutional republic with a multi-party democratic system. The current president is Tsai Ing-wen of the Democratic Progressive Party. Cross-strait tensions remain high as China claims sovereignty over Taiwan, leaving its political status unresolved.

    International Relations: Taiwan maintains unofficial relations with most countries through representative offices. It has strong ties with the United States, Japan, and other regional powers. However, Taiwan has limited participation in international organizations due to pressure from China.

    Human Development and Economy: Taiwan is a highly developed economy focused on technology, manufacturing, and services. It has one of the highest standards of living in Asia, with a skilled workforce and advanced infrastructure. Key industries include electronics, machinery, petrochemicals, and information technology.

    Cultural Highlights: Taiwan exhibits a blend of Chinese, Japanese, and indigenous Austronesian cultural influences. Major religions are Buddhism and Taoism. The country is known for its diverse cuisine, night markets, traditional arts and crafts, and colorful festivals.

    Taiwan faces ongoing challenges regarding its political status, cross-strait tensions, and participation in international organizations. Key opportunities lie in its robust economy, democratic values, and strategic location in the Asia-Pacific region.

    Travel Tips for Taiwan

    Best Times to Visit: The most popular times are spring (March-May) and fall (October-November) when the weather is mild. Summer (June-August) can be hot and humid, while winters (December-February) are cool and occasionally rainy.

    Cultural Etiquette: Respect is highly valued. Dress conservatively, especially when visiting temples or religious sites. Remove shoes when entering homes. Use both hands when giving or receiving items. Avoid public displays of affection.

    Safety Precautions: Taiwan is generally safe, but take normal precautions against petty crime in crowded areas. Avoid restricted military zones and protests. Register with your embassy/consulate upon arrival.

    Must-See Landmarks: Taipei 101 (formerly the world’s tallest building), National Palace Museum (housing Chinese art and artifacts), Taroko National Park (for stunning marble gorges and hiking), and night markets like Shilin Night Market.

    Culinary Experiences: Try street food like stinky tofu, beef noodle soup, xiaolongbao (steamed soup dumplings), and bubble tea. Taiwan is also known for its diverse night market fare and tropical fruits.

    Living in Taiwan

    Cost of Living: The cost of living in Taiwan is relatively affordable compared to other developed Asian economies. Rent and utilities are reasonable, especially outside major cities like Taipei. Healthcare and education costs are also lower than many Western countries.

    Housing: Buying property can be expensive, so most expats opt to rent. Popular areas for expats include Taipei City, Tainan, and Kaohsiung. Be prepared for smaller living spaces, especially in urban areas.

    Healthcare: Taiwan has an efficient and affordable national health insurance system. Private healthcare facilities also offer high-quality care. Health insurance is mandatory for all residents, including foreigners.

    Education: Taiwan has a well-regarded education system with a mix of public and private schools. Top universities include National Taiwan University and National Tsing Hua University. International schools are available for expatriate children.

    Lifestyle: Taiwan offers a blend of modern amenities and traditional Chinese culture. Major cities like Taipei are bustling metropolises, while rural areas retain charming small-town atmospheres. Outdoor activities like hiking and water sports are popular.

    Cultural Norms: Taiwanese culture values respect for elders, harmony, and hard work. Learning basic Mandarin or Taiwanese Hokkien can be helpful. Be mindful of cultural taboos like avoiding pointing with fingers or touching someone’s head.

    Legal Requirements: Foreigners need an Alien Resident Certificate (ARC) and work permit to live and work in Taiwan. Requirements vary based on the type of visa or residency permit sought.

    Doing Business in Taiwan

    Business Culture: Building personal relationships (guanxi) is crucial for doing business in Taiwan. Hierarchies are respected, and seniority is valued. Decision-making can be a slow process, requiring multiple meetings and consensus.

    Economic Climate: Taiwan has a thriving, export-oriented economy focused on technology, electronics, and machinery. It is a major manufacturing hub and a leader in semiconductor production. The business environment is open and competitive.

    Key Industries: Major industries include electronics, information and communications technology (ICT), automotive, machinery, petrochemicals, and biotechnology. Taiwan is also a hub for startups and innovation.

    Legal Framework: Taiwan has a well-developed legal system based on a combination of civil law and customary Chinese law. Foreign companies must follow regulations for registering businesses, taxation, labor laws, and intellectual property protection.

    Negotiation Strategies: Patience and subtlety are valued in negotiations. Maintain a low-key and non-confrontational approach. Avoid high-pressure tactics. Decisions are made through consensus, so be prepared for a lengthy process.

    Building Local Relationships: Introductions through existing networks are important for establishing trust. Foster relationships through social events and activities. Learn basic Mandarin or Taiwanese Hokkien to facilitate communication.

    Studying in Taiwan

    Educational System: Taiwan has a comprehensive education system with compulsory education from ages 6 to 15. Higher education includes universities, colleges, and technical institutions offering bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral degrees.

    Top Universities: Renowned universities include National Taiwan University, National Tsing Hua University, National Chengchi University, and National Chiao Tung University. Many programs are taught in English, especially at the graduate level.

    Student Life: Campus life is vibrant, with numerous student clubs, organizations, and events. International students can find support through university services and local expat communities. Part-time employment opportunities are available.

    Visa Requirements: International students need a Resident Visa and Alien Resident Certificate (ARC). Requirements include admission to a Taiwanese university, proof of financial support, and health insurance.

    Opportunities for International Students: Taiwan actively promotes international education and research collaborations. Scholarships and financial aid are available for qualified students. Internships and post-study work opportunities exist in various industries.

Main facts

Location

Taiwan is an island located in East Asia, situated approximately 180 kilometers (112 miles) off the southeastern coast of mainland China, across the Taiwan Strait. It is situated to the northeast of the Philippines, south of Japan, and north of the Philippines.

Map References

Taiwan is located in East Asia.

Area – Comparative

The total area of Taiwan is approximately 36,193 square kilometers (13,974 square miles), making it slightly smaller than the Netherlands and slightly larger than Belgium.

Land Boundaries and Border Countries

Taiwan has no land boundaries, as it is an island.

Coastline

Taiwan has a total coastline of 1,566 kilometers (973 miles), featuring numerous bays, inlets, and offshore islands.

Maritime Claims

Taiwan claims territorial sea and exclusive economic zones, as prescribed by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS).

Climate

Taiwan has a subtropical climate, with hot, humid summers and mild, dry winters. The northern and central regions experience a more temperate climate, while the southern regions are tropical.

Terrain

The terrain of Taiwan is mostly rugged and mountainous, with flat to gently rolling plains in the west. The island is crossed by the Chung Yang Range, which runs from north to south.

Elevation Extremes

The highest point in Taiwan is Yu Shan (Jade Mountain), rising to an elevation of 3,952 meters (12,966 feet). The lowest point is the South China Sea, at 0 meters (0 feet).

Natural Resources

Taiwan has limited natural resources, primarily small deposits of coal, natural gas, limestone, marble, and asbestos.

Major Bodies of Water

The major bodies of water surrounding Taiwan are the East China Sea, Philippine Sea, South China Sea, and Taiwan Strait. The island itself has numerous rivers, including the Zhuoshui River, the longest river in Taiwan.

Natural Hazards

Taiwan is prone to frequent earthquakes, typhoons, and landslides due to its location along the Pacific Ring of Fire and in the path of tropical cyclones.

Geography – Notes

Taiwan ‘s strategic location in the Taiwan Strait has made it a focal point of contention between China and the international community, with implications for regional security and geopolitical stability.

  • Forest Area (% of land area): . This is the percentage of a country’s total land area that is covered by natural or planted forests.
  • Co2 Emissions: . CO2 emissions refer to the release of carbon dioxide gas into the atmosphere, primarily from the burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas) for energy production, transportation, and industrial processes.
  • Agricultural Land( %). 24%. Agricultural land refers to the share of land area that is arable and used for cultivating crops or raising livestock.
  • Geographic Coordinates:  .
  • Capital: The capital of Taiwan is  Taipei
  • Major Cities:
    • Taipei – Population: 2,646,204
    • New Taipei – Population: 3,971,262
    • Taichung – Population: 2,816,228
    • Tainan – Population: 1,883,741
    • Kaohsiung – Population: 2,778,379
  • Population: 23,948,134
  • Area(Km2): 36197
  • Population Density( P/Km²):650. This is the number of people living per square kilometer of land area in a given region or country.
  • Calling Code:
  • Official Language(s):Taiwan is Mandarin Chinese (official) 70-80%, Taiwanese (Hokkien) varies by locality 10-20%, other languages 3% (Hakka and indigenous languages)
  • Currency:

Main Economic Indicators

Taiwan has a highly developed market economy with gradually decreasing guidance of investment and foreign trade by the authorities. The economy is dominated by the service sector, with tourism, finance, and high-tech industries playing major roles. Key economic challenges include managing volatile income growth rates, an aging workforce, and bolstering domestic demand while reducing the economy’s direct reliance on exports. Notable economic policies aim to liberalize markets and strengthen external trade.

Inflation Rate (Consumer Prices)

1.6% (2021 est.)
-0.2% (2020 est.)
Source: CIA World Factbook

Credit Ratings

Fitch: AA- (Stable)
Moody’s: Aa3 (Stable)
Standard & Poor’s: AA+ (Stable)

GDP – Composition by Sector of Origin

Agriculture: 1.6%
Industry: 35.6%
Services: 62.8%
Source: CIA World Factbook (2017 est.)

Key Agricultural and Industrial Products

Agricultural Products: Rice, vegetables, fruit, tea, flowers, swine, poultry
Industrial Products: Electronics, communications and information technology products, petroleum refining, chemicals, textiles, iron and steel, machinery, cement, food processing

Labor Force

Total Labor Force: 11.94 million (2020 est.)
Comparative Ranking: 47th globally

Current Account Balance

$73.83 billion (2021 est.)
$77.45 billion (2020 est.)
Comparative Ranking: 8th globally (2020)

Exports and Imports

Exports: $446.38 billion (2021 est.)
Key Partners: China, Hong Kong, US, Japan, Singapore
Main Exports: Semiconductors, petrochemicals, automobile/auto parts, ships, wireless communication equipment, flat displays, steel, electronics, plastics

Imports: $361.82 billion (2021 est.)
Key Partners: China, Japan, US, South Korea, Germany
Main Imports: Semiconductors, petroleum, chemicals, telecommunication equipment, precision instruments, metals

Reserves of Foreign Exchange and Gold

Foreign Exchange Reserves: $544.6 billion (31 December 2021 est.)
Gold Reserves: 423.59 tonnes (February 2023)

  • GDP (Current US$):. It represents a country’s gross domestic product measured in current US dollars. Higher values indicate a larger economy and economic output.
  • Tax Revenue (% of GDP): . It refers to the amount of tax revenue collected by the government, expressed as a percentage of the country’s gross domestic product (GDP). Higher values indicate a higher tax burden relative to the size of the economy.
  • Total Tax Rate (% of commercial profits): . This is the sum of all taxes payable by businesses, expressed as a percentage of their commercial profits. Higher values indicate a higher tax burden on businesses.
  • Gasoline Price. . It refers to the cost of one liter or gallon of gasoline/petrol. Higher values indicate more expensive gasoline prices for consumers and businesses.
  • Minimum wage. . It refers to the lowest legally mandated hourly wage that employers must pay their workers. Higher values indicate a higher minimum level of pay for low-wage workers.
  • Unemployment Rate (%): . It represents the percentage of the labor force that is unemployed and actively seeking employment. Higher values indicate more joblessness in the economy.

Social Indicators

National Identity

Noun: Taiwanese (singular and plural)

Adjective: Taiwanese

Ethnic Groups

Han Chinese: 95%

Indigenous Taiwanese: 2.3%

Others: 2.7%

Religions

Buddhist: 35.3%

Taoist: 33.2%

Christian: 3.9%

Other/None: 27.6%

Age Structure

0-14 years: 12.46%

15-64 years: 73.02%

65 years and over: 14.52%

Dependency Ratios

Total Dependency Ratio: 37.2

Youth Dependency Ratio: 15.7

Elderly Dependency Ratio: 21.5

Median Age

Total: 41.8 years

Male: 40.5 years

Female: 43.1 years

Lifestyle Indicators

Obesity Rate: 19.7%

Alcohol Consumption (per capita): 7.9 liters

Tobacco Use: 16.4% of adults

  • Life Expectancy at Birth: . Life Expectancy at Birth refers to the estimated average number of years a newborn is expected to live based on current mortality rates. Higher values indicate better health outcomes and living conditions in a country or region.
  • Literacy Rate (% of adults): 98.7%. It refers to the percentage of the population aged 15 and above who can read and write with understanding of a short simple statement about their everyday life. Higher literacy rates indicate better educational attainment within a population.
  • Birth Rate:. Birth Rate is the total number of live births per 1,000 population in a given year. Higher birth rates indicate a larger share of the population being born each year.
  • Death Rate:3.3. Death Rate is the number of deaths per 1,000 population in a given year. Higher death rates indicate more people dying annually within a population.
  • Fertility Rate: na. Fertility Rate is the average number of children a woman would have over her reproductive years based on current birth rates. Higher fertility rates indicate larger family sizes and population growth.
  • Internet Users (% of population): 91.9%. Internet Users (% of population) refers to the percentage of the total population in a country or region that has access to and uses the internet. Higher values indicate greater internet penetration and connectivity among the population.
  • Urban Population: . Urban Population refers to the percentage or number of people living in urban areas or cities within a country or region. Higher urban population values indicate greater urbanization and concentration of people in cities compared to rural areas.
  • Out of Pocket Health Expenditure (% of total health expenditure):. Out of Pocket Health Expenditure (% of total health expenditure) represents the portion of total health care costs that individuals pay directly out of their own pockets, rather than being covered by insurance or government programs. Higher values indicate greater personal financial burden for health care expenses.

Infrastructure and Services

Military and Security Forces

Taiwan’s military consists of the Republic of China Armed Forces, which includes the Army, Navy (including the Marine Corps), and Air Force. It also has a paramilitary force called the Military Police. The Army is the largest branch, responsible for ground operations. The Navy is tasked with maritime defense and has a specialized Marine Corps unit for amphibious operations. The Air Force oversees air defense and aerial operations. Taiwan also maintains a reserve force known as the Civilian Defense Force.

Military Expenditures

Military spending as a percentage of GDP:

  • 2022: 2.2%
  • 2021: 2.1%
  • 2020: 2.0%
  • 2019: 1.9%
  • 2018: 1.9%

Taiwan’s military spending is ranked among the top 25 globally.

Personnel Strengths

Total active-duty military personnel: Approximately 165,000

  • Army: 90,000
  • Navy: 40,000
  • Air Force: 35,000

Taiwan also maintains a reserve force of around 1.5 million personnel.

Military Equipment Inventories and Acquisitions

Taiwan’s military hardware includes a combination of domestically produced and imported equipment, primarily from the United States. Key inventories include:

  • Combat aircraft (F-16, Mirage 2000, IDF fighters)
  • Main battle tanks (M60, CM-11)
  • Naval vessels (frigates, corvettes, submarines)
  • Missile systems (Patriot, Tien Kung, Sky Bow)

Taiwan is pursuing the acquisition of advanced weapons systems, including F-16V fighter jets, M1A2 Abrams tanks, and naval frigates, to modernize its military capabilities.

Military Service Age and Obligation

Taiwan has a mandatory military service requirement for male citizens aged 18-36. The service period is currently 4 months of basic training followed by a 4-year reserve obligation. However, policies are being revised to transition to an all-volunteer professional military force.

Military Deployments

Taiwan does not have any significant overseas military deployments due to its unique political status. However, it contributes personnel to United Nations peacekeeping missions on a rotational basis.

Strategic Military Notes

Taiwan’s defense strategy is focused on deterring and defending against potential aggression from mainland China, which claims sovereignty over the island. The military prioritizes asymmetric warfare capabilities, including missiles, naval assets, and cyber defenses. Taiwan relies on close security cooperation with the United States and participates in joint military exercises and training programs. It is not a member of any formal military alliances but maintains unofficial partnerships with like-minded nations for regional stability.

  • Armed Forces Size: 215000. Armed Forces Size refers to the total number of active personnel serving in a country’s military forces, including the army, navy, air force, and other branches. Higher values indicate a larger military presence and personnel.
  • Physicians per Thousand: Number of doctors per 1,000 people is na
  • Population: Labor Force Participation (%): . This is the percentage of the total population aged 15 and older that is economically active, meaning they are either employed or actively seeking employment. Higher values indicate a greater proportion of the working-age population engaged in the labor force.

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