Trinidad and Tobago: general information about country, happiness index 2024

World Happiness Report for Trinidad and Tobago 2024

  • Overall Happiness Rank Trinidad and Tobago: na
  • Happiness Score Trinidad and Tobago:na

Happiness is a subjective concept that has long been debated by philosophers, psychologists, and economists alike. However, in recent years, there has been a growing interest in quantifying happiness and using it as a measure of a nation’s overall well-being. This is where the concept of the Happiness Index comes into play.

What is the Happiness Index?

The Happiness Index is a measure that attempts to quantify the overall happiness and life satisfaction of a country’s population. It is based on the idea that traditional economic indicators, such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP), do not fully capture the overall well-being of a society. The Happiness Index takes into account various factors that contribute to an individual’s sense of happiness and life satisfaction, including social support, freedom to make life choices, healthy life expectancy, and perceptions of corruption.

How is the Happiness Index Calculated?

The Happiness Index is calculated through a combination of subjective and objective data. The primary source of data is the Gallup World Poll, which is a survey conducted in over 160 countries. The survey asks respondents to rate their overall life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10, with 0 being the worst possible life and 10 being the best possible life.

In addition to the life satisfaction score, the Happiness Index also takes into account the following factors:

  1. GDP per capita: This is a measure of a country’s economic output and standard of living.
  2. Social support: This factor measures the extent to which individuals have supportive relationships and love in their lives.
  3. Healthy life expectancy: This is a measure of the number of years an individual is expected to live in good health.
  4. Freedom to make life choices: This factor measures the extent to which individuals are able to make decisions about their lives without external constraints.
  5. Generosity: This factor measures the extent to which individuals engage in charitable activities and donate to others.
  6. Perceptions of corruption: This factor measures the extent to which individuals perceive their society to be free from corruption.

These factors are weighted and combined to produce an overall Happiness Index score for each country.

What Does the Happiness Index Affect?

The Happiness Index has significant implications for policymaking and societal well-being. Countries with higher Happiness Index scores are generally considered to have better overall quality of life and well-being for their citizens. This can have positive impacts on various aspects of society, including:

  1. Economic productivity: Happier individuals tend to be more productive and engaged in their work, which can contribute to a country’s economic growth.
  2. Public health: Higher levels of happiness and life satisfaction are associated with better physical and mental health outcomes, which can reduce healthcare costs and improve overall well-being.
  3. Social cohesion: Societies with higher levels of happiness tend to have stronger social bonds and lower levels of conflict and crime.
  4. Environmental sustainability: Happier individuals may be more likely to engage in environmentally-friendly behaviors and support policies that promote sustainability.

By focusing on the factors that contribute to happiness and well-being, policymakers can develop strategies to improve the overall quality of life for their citizens. The Happiness Index provides a valuable tool for measuring progress and identifying areas where improvements can be made.

Short information

  • Abbreviation of Trinidad and Tobago. TT.

    Trinidad and Tobago is a twin island country located in the Caribbean. It has a parliamentary democracy political structure and is known for its rich diversity of cultural aspects, including music, art, and cuisine. The country’s economy is significant due to its natural gas and oil reserves.

  • Trinidad and Tobago is the birthplace of the steelpan, a musical instrument made from oil drums.
  • The country is known for its annual carnival, which is a vibrant celebration of music, dance, and culture.
  • Trinidad and Tobago is one of the wealthiest and most developed countries in the Caribbean.
  • Overview of Trinidad and Tobago

    Early History

    The islands of Trinidad and Tobago were originally inhabited by indigenous Amerindian tribes such as the Arawak and Carib people. The first European settlers arrived in the late 15th century, with Christopher Columbus landing on the islands in 1498.

    Colonial Period

    Trinidad was claimed by Spain in 1498 and remained under Spanish rule until it was captured by the British in 1797. Tobago changed hands multiple times between the British, French, Dutch, and Courlanders before eventually becoming a British possession in 1814.

    Independence and Modern Era

    Trinidad and Tobago gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1962. The country experienced political unrest and an attempted coup in 1990, but has since maintained a stable democratic government. The economy has traditionally relied on oil and natural gas exports, with efforts to diversify into sectors like tourism and manufacturing.

    Current Political Situation

    Trinidad and Tobago is a parliamentary republic with a bicameral legislature and a President as the head of state. The current Prime Minister is Keith Rowley, who has been in office since 2015. The country has a multi-party system with the dominant parties being the People’s National Movement (PNM) and the United National Congress (UNC).

    International Relations

    Trinidad and Tobago is a member of the United Nations, the Commonwealth of Nations, and the Caribbean Community (CARICOM). It maintains close ties with other Caribbean nations and has sought to promote regional integration and cooperation.

    Human Development and Economy

    Trinidad and Tobago has a high-income economy driven by its energy sector, with natural gas and petrochemicals being major exports. The country has a relatively high Human Development Index ranking, but faces challenges related to crime, income inequality, and economic diversification.

    Cultural Highlights

    Trinidad and Tobago is a diverse society with influences from its indigenous, African, Indian, European, and Chinese populations. The annual Carnival celebration is a significant cultural event. The country is known for its music genres like calypso, soca, and chutney.

    Challenges and Opportunities

    Key challenges facing Trinidad and Tobago include reducing its dependence on energy exports, addressing crime and corruption, and promoting sustainable development. Opportunities lie in diversifying the economy, developing the tourism sector, and leveraging its strategic location and cultural diversity.

    Travel Tips for Trinidad and Tobago

    Best Times to Visit: The dry season from January to May offers the most favorable weather for travel, with the Carnival season in February being a popular time. However, the rainy season from June to December can provide opportunities for lower prices and smaller crowds.

    Cultural Etiquette: Respect local customs and dress modestly, especially when visiting religious sites. Greet people with a handshake and maintain eye contact. Punctuality is appreciated in formal settings.

    Safety Precautions: Exercise caution in certain areas, especially at night. Avoid wearing expensive jewelry or carrying large amounts of cash. Be vigilant against petty crimes like pickpocketing.

    Must-See Landmarks: Visit the Pitch Lake in La Brea, the Caroni Bird Sanctuary, the Asa Wright Nature Centre, and the historic forts in Port of Spain. Explore the beautiful beaches and vibrant nightlife in Tobago.

    Culinary Experiences: Try local dishes like doubles (curried chickpeas in flatbread), crab and callaloo, pelau (a rice dish), and shark and bake. Indulge in rum-based cocktails and attend food festivals like the Tobago Blue Food Festival.

    Living in Trinidad and Tobago

    Cost of Living: The cost of living in Trinidad and Tobago is generally lower than in many Western countries, but higher than some other Caribbean nations.

    Housing: Expats can choose from various housing options, including apartments, condominiums, or houses for rent or purchase. Popular areas for expats include the West Coast of Trinidad and parts of Tobago.

    Healthcare: Trinidad and Tobago has both public and private healthcare systems. The public system provides free or subsidized care, while private facilities offer more advanced treatments but at higher costs.

    Education: The education system includes public and private schools, as well as tertiary institutions like the University of the West Indies. International schools are available for expat children.

    Lifestyle: Trinidad and Tobago offers a laid-back Caribbean lifestyle with a vibrant cultural scene. Expats should be prepared for the hot and humid climate and the frequent power outages and traffic congestion.

    Legal Requirements: Expats will need to obtain the appropriate visas or work permits, depending on their purpose of stay. It’s advisable to research local laws and regulations in advance.

    Doing Business in Trinidad and Tobago

    Business Culture: Business culture in Trinidad and Tobago is generally formal and hierarchical. Building personal relationships and networking are essential for successful business dealings. Punctuality and proper attire are important.

    Economic Climate: The economy is heavily dependent on the energy sector, particularly oil and natural gas. However, efforts are underway to diversify into sectors like tourism, manufacturing, and financial services.

    Key Industries: Major industries include energy (oil and gas), petrochemicals, manufacturing (food and beverages, cement, and steel), construction, and financial services.

    Legal Framework: Trinidad and Tobago has a common law legal system based on English law. Foreign companies can establish businesses through various structures, including partnerships, joint ventures, or wholly-owned subsidiaries.

    Negotiation Strategies: Patience and persistence are key in negotiations. Building trust and personal relationships can facilitate successful business dealings. It’s advisable to have a local partner or representative to navigate the local business landscape.

    Building Relationships: Cultivating relationships with local business partners, government officials, and influential individuals can be beneficial. Attending business events, networking, and demonstrating cultural awareness can help establish strong connections.

    Studying in Trinidad and Tobago

    Educational System: Trinidad and Tobago has a public and private education system, with the University of the West Indies (UWI) being the leading tertiary institution. Other universities and colleges offer a range of undergraduate and graduate programs.

    Top Universities: The University of the West Indies (UWI) St. Augustine Campus, the University of Trinidad and Tobago (UTT), and the College of Science, Technology, and Applied Arts of Trinidad and Tobago (COSTAATT) are among the top institutions.

    Student Life: Student life in Trinidad and Tobago offers a vibrant cultural experience, with opportunities to engage in social activities, sports, and student organizations. Affordable housing and transportation options are available for students.

    Visa Requirements: International students will need to obtain a student visa or entry permit from the Trinidad and Tobago Immigration Division. The application process may vary depending on the country of origin and the duration of the study program.

    Opportunities for International Students: Universities offer programs specifically designed for international students, including scholarships and exchange programs. Additionally, internships and research opportunities may be available in various fields, particularly in the energy and technology sectors.

Main facts

1. Location

Trinidad and Tobago is an island country located in the southern Caribbean Sea, situated off the northeastern coast of Venezuela. It is comprised of two main islands, Trinidad and Tobago, and several smaller islands.

2. Map References

Trinidad and Tobago is located in the Caribbean region, south of the Caribbean Sea, and north of the South American continent.

3. Area – Comparative

The total area of Trinidad and Tobago is approximately 5,128 sq km, making it slightly smaller than the U.S. state of Delaware.

4. Land Boundaries and Border Countries

Trinidad and Tobago has no land borders with other countries, as it is an island nation.

5. Coastline

Trinidad and Tobago has a total coastline of 362 km, featuring sandy beaches, mangrove swamps, and coral reefs.

6. Maritime Claims

Trinidad and Tobago claims the following maritime zones:
– Territorial sea: 12 nm
– Contiguous zone: 24 nm
– Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
– Continental shelf: 200 nm or to the outer edge of the continental margin

7. Climate

Trinidad and Tobago has a tropical climate, with a dry season from January to May and a rainy season from June to December. The islands are generally hot and humid throughout the year.

8. Terrain

The terrain of Trinidad and Tobago is diverse, with the larger island of Trinidad featuring low-lying plains in the west and rugged hills in the east. Tobago is characterized by a more mountainous terrain with a central ridge and coastal plains.

9. Elevation Extremes

The highest point in Trinidad and Tobago is El Cerro del Aripo, a peak located in the Northern Range of Trinidad, with an elevation of 940 m. The lowest point is the Caribbean Sea at 0 m.

10. Natural Resources

The major natural resources of Trinidad and Tobago include petroleum, natural gas, asphalt, and fish.

11. Major Bodies of Water

The main bodies of water in Trinidad and Tobago are the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Paria, which separates the two islands. The country also has several rivers, including the Caroni River and the Ortoire River.

12. Natural Hazards

The primary natural hazards affecting Trinidad and Tobago include earthquakes, landslides, and tropical cyclones.

13. Geography – Notes

Trinidad and Tobago is known for its rich biodiversity, with diverse ecosystems ranging from rainforests to coral reefs. The country’s economy is heavily dependent on its petroleum and natural gas reserves, which are significant contributors to its overall wealth and development.

  • Forest Area (% of land area): 46.00%. This is the percentage of a country’s total land area that is covered by natural or planted forests.
  • Co2 Emissions: 43,868. CO2 emissions refer to the release of carbon dioxide gas into the atmosphere, primarily from the burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas) for energy production, transportation, and industrial processes.
  • Agricultural Land( %). 10.50%. Agricultural land refers to the share of land area that is arable and used for cultivating crops or raising livestock.
  • Geographic Coordinates:  10.691803-61.222503.
  • Capital: The capital of Trinidad and Tobago is  Port of Spain
  • Major Cities:
    • Port of Spain – population: 37,074
    • Chaguanas – population: 67,433
    • San Fernando – population: 55,419
    • Arima – population: 33,606
    • Point Fortin – population: 19,056
  • Population: 1,394,973
  • Area(Km2): 5128
  • Population Density( P/Km²):273. This is the number of people living per square kilometer of land area in a given region or country.
  • Calling Code:1
  • Official Language(s):Trinidad and Tobago is English (official) 95%, Trinidadian Creole 5%.
  • Currency: TTD

Main Economic Indicators

Trinidad and Tobago has a small, open economy that is heavily dependent on the energy sector. The country’s GDP is dominated by the production and export of oil and natural gas, which account for around 35% of GDP and over 80% of exports. However, the economy has been facing challenges due to the volatility of energy prices and the decline in oil and gas production in recent years. The government has been implementing policies to diversify the economy and promote non-energy sectors, such as tourism and manufacturing.

Inflation Rate (Consumer Prices)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) for 2021: 3.4%
Inflation rate (consumer prices) for 2020: 0.6%
Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook Database

Credit Ratings

Moody’s: Ba1 (Stable)
Standard & Poor’s: BBB- (Stable)
Fitch: BBB- (Stable)

GDP – Composition by Sector of Origin

Agriculture: 0.5%
Industry: 45.5% (including energy sector)
Services: 54%

Key Agricultural and Industrial Products

Agricultural Products: Cocoa, Citrus, Sugar, Vegetables
Industrial Products: Petroleum and Petroleum Products, Liquefied Natural Gas, Methanol, Ammonia, Steel, Cement

Labor Force

Total labor force: 669,500 (2021 estimate)
Comparative ranking: Not available

Current Account Balance

Current account balance (2021): -$0.44 billion
Current account balance (2020): $0.11 billion
Comparative ranking: Not available

Exports and Imports

Exports: Total value of exports (2021): $6.24 billion
Key export partners: United States, Spain, Panama
Main exports: Petroleum and Petroleum Products, Liquefied Natural Gas, Ammonia, Methanol
Imports: Total value of imports (2021): $5.15 billion
Key import partners: United States, Brazil, China
Main imports: Machinery and Transport Equipment, Manufactured Goods, Food

Reserves of Foreign Exchange and Gold

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold (2021): $7.12 billion

  • GDP (Current US$):$24,100,202,834. It represents a country’s gross domestic product measured in current US dollars. Higher values indicate a larger economy and economic output.
  • Tax Revenue (% of GDP): 19.50%. It refers to the amount of tax revenue collected by the government, expressed as a percentage of the country’s gross domestic product (GDP). Higher values indicate a higher tax burden relative to the size of the economy.
  • Total Tax Rate (% of commercial profits): 40.50%. This is the sum of all taxes payable by businesses, expressed as a percentage of their commercial profits. Higher values indicate a higher tax burden on businesses.
  • Gasoline Price. $0.54. It refers to the cost of one liter or gallon of gasoline/petrol. Higher values indicate more expensive gasoline prices for consumers and businesses.
  • Minimum wage. $2.25. It refers to the lowest legally mandated hourly wage that employers must pay their workers. Higher values indicate a higher minimum level of pay for low-wage workers.
  • Unemployment Rate (%): 2.69%. It represents the percentage of the labor force that is unemployed and actively seeking employment. Higher values indicate more joblessness in the economy.

Social Indicators

National Identity

Noun: Trinidadian(s) and Tobagonian(s)
Adjective: Trinidadian and Tobagonian

Ethnic Groups

  • East Indian 35.4%
  • African 34.2%
  • Mixed 22.8%
  • Other 7.6%

Religions

  • Protestant 32.1%
  • Roman Catholic 21.6%
  • Hindu 18.2%
  • Muslim 5%
  • Other/None 23.1%

Age Structure

  • 0-14 years 19.27%
  • 15-64 years 68.56%
  • 65 years and over 12.16%

Dependency Ratios

  • Total Dependency Ratio: 45.7
  • Youth Dependency Ratio: 28.1
  • Elderly Dependency Ratio: 17.7

Median Age

Total: 36.9 years
Male: 35.8 years
Female: 38.1 years

Lifestyle Indicators

  • Obesity Rate: 33.1% of the adult population
  • Alcohol Consumption: 6.6 liters per capita
  • Tobacco Use: 14.6% of adults
  • Life Expectancy at Birth: 73.4. Life Expectancy at Birth refers to the estimated average number of years a newborn is expected to live based on current mortality rates. Higher values indicate better health outcomes and living conditions in a country or region.
  • Literacy Rate (% of adults): 87%. It refers to the percentage of the population aged 15 and above who can read and write with understanding of a short simple statement about their everyday life. Higher literacy rates indicate better educational attainment within a population.
  • Birth Rate:12.94. Birth Rate is the total number of live births per 1,000 population in a given year. Higher birth rates indicate a larger share of the population being born each year.
  • Death Rate:9. Death Rate is the number of deaths per 1,000 population in a given year. Higher death rates indicate more people dying annually within a population.
  • Fertility Rate: 1.73. Fertility Rate is the average number of children a woman would have over her reproductive years based on current birth rates. Higher fertility rates indicate larger family sizes and population growth.
  • Internet Users (% of population): 69.4%. Internet Users (% of population) refers to the percentage of the total population in a country or region that has access to and uses the internet. Higher values indicate greater internet penetration and connectivity among the population.
  • Urban Population: 741,944. Urban Population refers to the percentage or number of people living in urban areas or cities within a country or region. Higher urban population values indicate greater urbanization and concentration of people in cities compared to rural areas.
  • Out of Pocket Health Expenditure (% of total health expenditure):37.30%. Out of Pocket Health Expenditure (% of total health expenditure) represents the portion of total health care costs that individuals pay directly out of their own pockets, rather than being covered by insurance or government programs. Higher values indicate greater personal financial burden for health care expenses.

Infrastructure and Services

Military and Security Forces

Trinidad and Tobago’s military consists of the Trinidad and Tobago Defence Force, which includes the following branches:

  • Trinidad and Tobago Regiment (Army)
  • Coast Guard
  • Air Guard
  • Defence Force Reserves

The country does not maintain a separate navy. The Trinidad and Tobago Police Service is responsible for maintaining internal security and law enforcement.

Military Expenditures

Military spending as a percentage of GDP for the last five years:

  • 2018: 0.8%
  • 2019: 0.7%
  • 2020: 0.8%
  • 2021: 0.8%
  • 2022: 0.9%

Trinidad and Tobago’s military spending ranks relatively low globally, around the 130th position.

Personnel Strengths

The total active-duty military personnel is approximately 4,500, with the following breakdown:

  • Trinidad and Tobago Regiment: 2,500
  • Coast Guard: 1,000
  • Air Guard: 1,000

The Trinidad and Tobago Police Service has a strength of around 7,000 personnel.

Military Equipment Inventories and Acquisitions

Trinidad and Tobago’s military equipment includes:

  • Ground forces: Armored personnel carriers, light utility vehicles, and small arms
  • Coast Guard: Patrol vessels and interceptor boats
  • Air Guard: Transport aircraft and helicopters

The country has recently acquired new coastal patrol vessels and is in the process of upgrading its air transport capabilities.

Military Service Age and Obligation

Military service is voluntary in Trinidad and Tobago. The age range for enlistment is typically between 18 and 25 years old. There is no mandatory military service obligation.

Military Deployments

Trinidad and Tobago does not currently have any significant overseas military deployments. It has contributed personnel to various United Nations peacekeeping missions in the past.

Strategic Military Notes

Trinidad and Tobago’s defense strategy focuses on territorial security, maritime patrol and interdiction, and disaster relief operations. The military plays a role in counter-narcotics efforts and border security cooperation with regional partners.

The country is a member of the Regional Security System (RSS), a collective defense organization in the Caribbean, and has participated in joint military exercises with other RSS member states.

  • Armed Forces Size: 4100. Armed Forces Size refers to the total number of active personnel serving in a country’s military forces, including the army, navy, air force, and other branches. Higher values indicate a larger military presence and personnel.
  • Physicians per Thousand: Number of doctors per 1,000 people is 4.17
  • Population: Labor Force Participation (%): 60.00%. This is the percentage of the total population aged 15 and older that is economically active, meaning they are either employed or actively seeking employment. Higher values indicate a greater proportion of the working-age population engaged in the labor force.

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