Slovakia: general information about country, happiness index 2024

World Happiness Report for Slovakia 2024

  • Overall Happiness Rank Slovakia: 45
  • Happiness Score Slovakia:6.257

Happiness is a subjective concept that has long been debated by philosophers, psychologists, and economists alike. However, in recent years, there has been a growing interest in quantifying happiness and using it as a measure of a nation’s overall well-being. This is where the concept of the Happiness Index comes into play.

What is the Happiness Index?

The Happiness Index is a measure that attempts to quantify the overall happiness and life satisfaction of a country’s population. It is based on the idea that traditional economic indicators, such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP), do not fully capture the overall well-being of a society. The Happiness Index takes into account various factors that contribute to an individual’s sense of happiness and life satisfaction, including social support, freedom to make life choices, healthy life expectancy, and perceptions of corruption.

How is the Happiness Index Calculated?

The Happiness Index is calculated through a combination of subjective and objective data. The primary source of data is the Gallup World Poll, which is a survey conducted in over 160 countries. The survey asks respondents to rate their overall life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10, with 0 being the worst possible life and 10 being the best possible life.

In addition to the life satisfaction score, the Happiness Index also takes into account the following factors:

  1. GDP per capita: This is a measure of a country’s economic output and standard of living.
  2. Social support: This factor measures the extent to which individuals have supportive relationships and love in their lives.
  3. Healthy life expectancy: This is a measure of the number of years an individual is expected to live in good health.
  4. Freedom to make life choices: This factor measures the extent to which individuals are able to make decisions about their lives without external constraints.
  5. Generosity: This factor measures the extent to which individuals engage in charitable activities and donate to others.
  6. Perceptions of corruption: This factor measures the extent to which individuals perceive their society to be free from corruption.

These factors are weighted and combined to produce an overall Happiness Index score for each country.

What Does the Happiness Index Affect?

The Happiness Index has significant implications for policymaking and societal well-being. Countries with higher Happiness Index scores are generally considered to have better overall quality of life and well-being for their citizens. This can have positive impacts on various aspects of society, including:

  1. Economic productivity: Happier individuals tend to be more productive and engaged in their work, which can contribute to a country’s economic growth.
  2. Public health: Higher levels of happiness and life satisfaction are associated with better physical and mental health outcomes, which can reduce healthcare costs and improve overall well-being.
  3. Social cohesion: Societies with higher levels of happiness tend to have stronger social bonds and lower levels of conflict and crime.
  4. Environmental sustainability: Happier individuals may be more likely to engage in environmentally-friendly behaviors and support policies that promote sustainability.

By focusing on the factors that contribute to happiness and well-being, policymakers can develop strategies to improve the overall quality of life for their citizens. The Happiness Index provides a valuable tool for measuring progress and identifying areas where improvements can be made.

Short information

  • Abbreviation of Slovakia. SK.

    Slovakia is a landlocked country in Central Europe with a parliamentary democratic political structure. It is known for its rich cultural heritage, including traditional folk music, dance, and handicrafts. Slovakia has a diverse economy, with a focus on automotive manufacturing, technology, and tourism.

    3 interesting facts about Slovakia:

  • Slovakia is home to the world’s highest number of castles and chateaux per capita.
  • The country is known for its unique wooden churches, some of which are UNESCO World Heritage sites.
  • Slovakia has a strong tradition of winter sports, with many opportunities for skiing and snowboarding in the Tatra Mountains.

    • Slovakia – A Comprehensive Overview

    Early History and Ancient Civilizations

    The territory of modern-day Slovakia has been inhabited since the Paleolithic era. Significant ancient civilizations that emerged in the region include the Celtic tribes, the Dacians, and the Germanic tribes. In the 5th century AD, the Slavic tribes settled in the area and established the first known Slavic state, known as Samo’s Empire.

    Kingdoms and Empires

    The Great Moravian Empire, established in the 9th century, was a significant medieval Slavic state that extended over present-day Slovakia and parts of neighboring countries. After its decline, the territory became part of the Kingdom of Hungary for several centuries. In the 16th century, most of present-day Slovakia came under the rule of the Habsburg Monarchy.

    Colonial Period and Independence

    Slovakia did not experience a direct colonial period but was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until its dissolution in 1918. After World War I, Slovakia became part of the newly formed Czechoslovakia. In 1939, during World War II, Slovakia declared independence and became a client state of Nazi Germany. After the war, it rejoined Czechoslovakia, which became a communist state under Soviet influence. In 1993, following the Velvet Revolution and the peaceful dissolution of Czechoslovakia, Slovakia gained its independence.

    Modern Era and Current Political Situation

    Since independence, Slovakia has transitioned to a parliamentary democratic republic. It became a member of the European Union in 2004 and adopted the euro currency in 2009. The current government is a center-right coalition led by Prime Minister Eduard Heger. Zuzana Čaputová has been the President of Slovakia since 2019.

    International Relations

    Slovakia is a member of various international organizations, including the United Nations, NATO, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). It maintains good relations with its neighbors and other European countries, with no major ongoing conflicts.

    Human Development and Economy

    Slovakia has a high-income economy, with major industries including automotive, electronics, and machinery manufacturing. The country has made significant progress in human development, with a high Human Development Index ranking. However, regional disparities and income inequality remain challenges.

    Cultural Highlights

    Slovakia has a rich cultural heritage influenced by its Slavic roots and Central European location. The majority of the population is Christian, with a significant Roman Catholic presence. Slovak folklore, music, and cuisine are notable cultural elements. The country has also produced renowned artists, writers, and scientists, including Andy Warhol, who had Slovak heritage.

    Challenges and Opportunities

    Key challenges facing Slovakia include addressing regional economic disparities, improving healthcare and education systems, and promoting sustainable development. Opportunities lie in further strengthening its position within the European Union, attracting foreign investment, and leveraging its strategic location as a transportation and logistics hub.

    Travel Tips for Slovakia

    When visiting Slovakia, keep these tips in mind:

    • Best Times to Visit: Spring (April-May) and fall (September-October) offer pleasant weather and fewer crowds.
    • Cultural Etiquette: Slovaks value punctuality, respect personal space, and appreciate modesty in dress and behavior.
    • Safety Precautions: Slovakia is generally safe, but exercise caution in crowded areas and at night, especially in larger cities.
    • Must-See Landmarks: Explore the medieval towns of Bratislava, Košice, and Banská Štiavnica, as well as the natural beauty of the High Tatras mountains and the Slovak Paradise National Park.
    • Culinary Experiences: Try traditional Slovak dishes like bryndzové halušky (potato dumplings with sheep cheese), kapustnica (sauerkraut soup), and parenica (smoked cheese).

    Living in Slovakia

    For those considering moving to Slovakia, here are some practical tips:

    • Cost of Living: While lower than many Western European countries, the cost of living in major cities like Bratislava can be relatively high.
    • Housing: Rental prices vary significantly between cities and rural areas. Purchasing property can be a complex process, so it’s advisable to seek legal assistance.
    • Healthcare: Slovakia has a universal healthcare system, but private healthcare options are also available.
    • Education: Public education is free, and universities offer programs in Slovak and English. International schools are available in larger cities.
    • Lifestyle: Slovaks value family, traditions, and outdoor activities. Be prepared for a slower pace of life outside major cities.
    • Legal Requirements: Non-EU citizens will need a residence permit and may need to register with local authorities. Familiarity with Slovak labor laws is recommended.

    Doing Business in Slovakia

    When conducting business in Slovakia, consider the following:

    • Business Culture: Slovaks value punctuality, directness, and formality in business settings. Building personal relationships is essential.
    • Economic Climate: Slovakia has a pro-business environment, with a strategic location and access to EU markets. Automotive, electronics, and IT are key industries.
    • Legal Frameworks: Understand Slovak labor laws, tax regulations, and intellectual property rights. Seek legal advice when starting a business.
    • Negotiation Strategies: Be prepared for lengthy negotiations and remain patient. Maintain a formal demeanor and avoid aggressive tactics.
    • Local Relationships: Developing strong relationships with local partners and networks can be crucial for success.

    Studying in Slovakia

    For students planning to study in Slovakia:

    • Educational System: Slovakia has a well-regarded higher education system, with both public and private universities.
    • Top Universities: Comenius University in Bratislava, the Slovak University of Technology, and the University of Žilina are among the leading institutions.
    • Student Life: University cities like Bratislava and Košice offer vibrant student communities and affordable living costs.
    • Visa Requirements: Non-EU students will need a student visa and may need to provide proof of financial support and health insurance.
    • International Opportunities: Many universities offer programs in English and opportunities for international exchange and research collaborations.

Main facts

1. Location

Slovakia is a landlocked country located in central Europe. It is situated in the heart of the Carpathian Mountains, bordered by Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east, Hungary to the south, Austria to the southwest, and the Czech Republic to the northwest.

2. Map References

Slovakia is located in Eastern Europe, within the Carpathian Mountains.

3. Area – Comparative

Slovakia has an area of approximately 49,035 square kilometers, slightly larger than the state of New Hampshire in the United States.

4. Land Boundaries and Border Countries

Slovakia shares land borders with the following countries:

5. Coastline

Slovakia is a landlocked country and does not have a coastline.

6. Maritime Claims

As a landlocked country, Slovakia does not have any maritime claims.

7. Climate

Slovakia has a temperate continental climate with warm summers and cold winters. The climate varies depending on the elevation, with cooler temperatures in the mountainous regions and warmer conditions in the lowlands.

8. Terrain

Slovakia’s terrain is predominantly mountainous, with the Carpathian Mountains covering a significant portion of the country. The rugged landscape features high valleys, low hills, and plains. The Tatra Mountains in the north are the highest part of the Carpathian range.

9. Elevation Extremes

Highest Point: Gerlachovský štít (2,655 meters), located in the Tatra Mountains
Lowest Point: Bodrok River (94 meters), near the border with Hungary

10. Natural Resources

Slovakia’s major natural resources include coal, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, manganese, salt, arable land, and forests.

11. Major Bodies of Water

The Danube River flows through southwestern Slovakia, forming part of the border with Hungary. Other major rivers include the Váh, Hron, Nitra, and Ipel’. Slovakia also has several artificial lakes, such as Zemplínska šírava and Oravská priehrada.

12. Natural Hazards

Slovakia is prone to occasional floods and landslides, particularly in the mountainous regions. The country also experiences seismic activity and experiences occasional earthquakes due to its location in a seismically active zone.

13. Geography – Notes

Slovakia is a landlocked country with a diverse landscape, featuring mountainous terrain, forests, and river valleys. Its strategic location in central Europe has made it an important transportation corridor. The country has made efforts to protect its natural environment, with several national parks and protected areas.

  • Forest Area (% of land area): 40.40%. This is the percentage of a country’s total land area that is covered by natural or planted forests.
  • Co2 Emissions: 32,424. CO2 emissions refer to the release of carbon dioxide gas into the atmosphere, primarily from the burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas) for energy production, transportation, and industrial processes.
  • Agricultural Land( %). 39.20%. Agricultural land refers to the share of land area that is arable and used for cultivating crops or raising livestock.
  • Geographic Coordinates:  48.66902619.699024.
  • Capital: The capital of Slovakia is  Bratislava
  • Major Cities:
    • Bratislava – population: 432,801
    • Košice – population: 238,562
    • Prešov – population: 91,352
    • Nitra – population: 82,713
    • Žilina – population: 81,365
  • Population: 5,454,073
  • Area(Km2): 49035
  • Population Density( P/Km²):114. This is the number of people living per square kilometer of land area in a given region or country.
  • Calling Code:421
  • Official Language(s):Slovakia is Slovak (98.4%) and Hungarian (0.8%).
  • Currency: EUR

Main Economic Indicators

Slovakia has a modern, open economy driven primarily by the automobile and electronics sectors. With a population of around 5.5 million, Slovakia has a GDP of $107 billion, making it a medium-sized economy. The country’s key economic challenge is to sustain economic growth and attract foreign investment while addressing regional disparities and labor shortages. Notable policies include efforts to increase productivity, develop a knowledge-based economy, and support small and medium-sized enterprises.

Inflation Rate (Consumer Prices)

Inflation rate for 2022: 12.8% (Source: Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic)
Inflation rate for 2021: 3.2% (Source: Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic)

Credit Ratings

Fitch: A (Stable)
Moody’s: A2 (Stable)
Standard & Poor’s: A+ (Stable)

GDP – Composition by Sector of Origin

Agriculture: 2.5%
Industry: 34.2%
Services: 63.3%

Key Agricultural and Industrial Products

Agricultural Products: Wheat, potatoes, sugar beets, hogs, cattle, poultry
Industrial Products: Automobiles, electronics, machinery, chemicals, steel, textiles

Labor Force

Total Labor Force: 2.75 million (2022 est.)
Comparative Ranking: 113th in the world

Current Account Balance

Current Account Balance: -$3.2 billion (2022 est.)
Comparative Ranking: 169th in the world

Exports and Imports

Exports: $96.1 billion (2022 est.)
Key Partners: Germany, Czech Republic, Poland, France, Italy
Main Commodities: Machinery and transport equipment, vehicles, mineral fuels and oils, manufactured goods, chemicals
Imports: $105.1 billion (2022 est.)
Key Partners: Germany, Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary, China
Main Commodities: Machinery and transport equipment, mineral fuels and oils, manufactured goods, chemicals

Reserves of Foreign Exchange and Gold

Foreign Exchange Reserves: $6.8 billion (2022 est.)
Gold Reserves: 31.7 tonnes (2022 est.)

  • GDP (Current US$):$105,422,304,976. It represents a country’s gross domestic product measured in current US dollars. Higher values indicate a larger economy and economic output.
  • Tax Revenue (% of GDP): 18.70%. It refers to the amount of tax revenue collected by the government, expressed as a percentage of the country’s gross domestic product (GDP). Higher values indicate a higher tax burden relative to the size of the economy.
  • Total Tax Rate (% of commercial profits): 49.70%. This is the sum of all taxes payable by businesses, expressed as a percentage of their commercial profits. Higher values indicate a higher tax burden on businesses.
  • Gasoline Price. $1.32. It refers to the cost of one liter or gallon of gasoline/petrol. Higher values indicate more expensive gasoline prices for consumers and businesses.
  • Minimum wage. $3.11. It refers to the lowest legally mandated hourly wage that employers must pay their workers. Higher values indicate a higher minimum level of pay for low-wage workers.
  • Unemployment Rate (%): 5.56%. It represents the percentage of the labor force that is unemployed and actively seeking employment. Higher values indicate more joblessness in the economy.

Social Indicators

National Identity

Noun: Slovak
Adjective: Slovak

Ethnic Groups

• Slovak (80.7%)
• Hungarian (8.5%)
• Roma (2%)
• Other (8.8%)

Religions

• Roman Catholic (62%)
• Protestant (8.9%)
• Greek Catholic (3.8%)
• Other or unspecified (23.9%)

Age Structure

• 0-14 years: 15.34%
• 15-64 years: 68.34%
• 65 years and over: 16.32%

Dependency Ratios

• Total dependency ratio: 46.4
• Youth dependency ratio: 21.1
• Elderly dependency ratio: 25.3

Median Age

• Total: 40.8 years
• Male: 39.1 years
• Female: 42.5 years

Lifestyle Indicators

• Obesity rate: 20.5% of the population
• Alcohol consumption: 11.5 liters of pure alcohol per capita per year
• Tobacco use: 22.9% of adults smoke tobacco

  • Life Expectancy at Birth: 77.2. Life Expectancy at Birth refers to the estimated average number of years a newborn is expected to live based on current mortality rates. Higher values indicate better health outcomes and living conditions in a country or region.
  • Literacy Rate (% of adults): 99.6%. It refers to the percentage of the population aged 15 and above who can read and write with understanding of a short simple statement about their everyday life. Higher literacy rates indicate better educational attainment within a population.
  • Birth Rate:10.6. Birth Rate is the total number of live births per 1,000 population in a given year. Higher birth rates indicate a larger share of the population being born each year.
  • Death Rate:14. Death Rate is the number of deaths per 1,000 population in a given year. Higher death rates indicate more people dying annually within a population.
  • Fertility Rate: 1.52. Fertility Rate is the average number of children a woman would have over her reproductive years based on current birth rates. Higher fertility rates indicate larger family sizes and population growth.
  • Internet Users (% of population): 81.6%. Internet Users (% of population) refers to the percentage of the total population in a country or region that has access to and uses the internet. Higher values indicate greater internet penetration and connectivity among the population.
  • Urban Population: 2,930,419. Urban Population refers to the percentage or number of people living in urban areas or cities within a country or region. Higher urban population values indicate greater urbanization and concentration of people in cities compared to rural areas.
  • Out of Pocket Health Expenditure (% of total health expenditure):18.40%. Out of Pocket Health Expenditure (% of total health expenditure) represents the portion of total health care costs that individuals pay directly out of their own pockets, rather than being covered by insurance or government programs. Higher values indicate greater personal financial burden for health care expenses.

Infrastructure and Services

Military and Security Forces

The Armed Forces of the Slovak Republic consist of three main branches:

  • Slovak Ground Forces: Comprising infantry, artillery, air defense, and other combat support units.
  • Slovak Air Force: Operating fighter jets, transport aircraft, and helicopters.
  • Slovak Training and Support Forces: Responsible for logistics, communications, and training.

The National Police Force maintains internal security and law enforcement.

Military Expenditures

  • Military spending as a percentage of GDP:
    • 2022: 1.79%
    • 2021: 1.73%
    • 2020: 1.77%
    • 2019: 1.84%
    • 2018: 1.19%
  • Slovakia ranked 54th globally in military spending in 2022.

Personnel Strengths

  • Total active-duty military personnel: Approximately 14,000
    • Ground Forces: Around 8,500
    • Air Force: Around 3,000
    • Training and Support Forces: Around 2,500
  • National Police Force: Approximately 25,000 personnel

Military Equipment Inventories and Acquisitions

Slovakia’s military equipment includes:

  • Main battle tanks (domestically produced and imported)
  • Armored personnel carriers
  • Self-propelled artillery
  • Multi-role fighter jets (e.g., F-16, MiG-29)
  • Transport aircraft and helicopters

Future acquisitions include plans to modernize the Air Force with the purchase of F-16 fighter jets from the United States.

Military Service Age and Obligation

  • Voluntary military service open to citizens aged 18-30 years.
  • No mandatory military service since 2006.

Military Deployments

  • Overseas deployments include participation in NATO missions, such as:
    • NATO Response Force
    • Enhanced Forward Presence in the Baltic region
  • Slovakia contributes personnel to UN peacekeeping operations.

Strategic Military Notes

  • Slovakia’s defense strategy focuses on territorial defense, collective security through NATO, and participation in international crisis management operations.
  • As a NATO member, Slovakia contributes to regional security and defense initiatives.
  • The military plays a role in disaster response and civil defense within Slovakia.
  • Armed Forces Size: 19500. Armed Forces Size refers to the total number of active personnel serving in a country’s military forces, including the army, navy, air force, and other branches. Higher values indicate a larger military presence and personnel.
  • Physicians per Thousand: Number of doctors per 1,000 people is 3.42
  • Population: Labor Force Participation (%): 59.50%. This is the percentage of the total population aged 15 and older that is economically active, meaning they are either employed or actively seeking employment. Higher values indicate a greater proportion of the working-age population engaged in the labor force.

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