World Happiness Report for Slovenia 2024
- Overall Happiness Rank Slovenia: 21
- Happiness Score Slovenia:6.743
Happiness is a subjective concept that has long been debated by philosophers, psychologists, and economists alike. However, in recent years, there has been a growing interest in quantifying happiness and using it as a measure of a nation’s overall well-being. This is where the concept of the Happiness Index comes into play.
What is the Happiness Index?
The Happiness Index is a measure that attempts to quantify the overall happiness and life satisfaction of a country’s population. It is based on the idea that traditional economic indicators, such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP), do not fully capture the overall well-being of a society. The Happiness Index takes into account various factors that contribute to an individual’s sense of happiness and life satisfaction, including social support, freedom to make life choices, healthy life expectancy, and perceptions of corruption.
How is the Happiness Index Calculated?
The Happiness Index is calculated through a combination of subjective and objective data. The primary source of data is the Gallup World Poll, which is a survey conducted in over 160 countries. The survey asks respondents to rate their overall life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10, with 0 being the worst possible life and 10 being the best possible life.
In addition to the life satisfaction score, the Happiness Index also takes into account the following factors:
- GDP per capita: This is a measure of a country’s economic output and standard of living.
- Social support: This factor measures the extent to which individuals have supportive relationships and love in their lives.
- Healthy life expectancy: This is a measure of the number of years an individual is expected to live in good health.
- Freedom to make life choices: This factor measures the extent to which individuals are able to make decisions about their lives without external constraints.
- Generosity: This factor measures the extent to which individuals engage in charitable activities and donate to others.
- Perceptions of corruption: This factor measures the extent to which individuals perceive their society to be free from corruption.
These factors are weighted and combined to produce an overall Happiness Index score for each country.
What Does the Happiness Index Affect?
The Happiness Index has significant implications for policymaking and societal well-being. Countries with higher Happiness Index scores are generally considered to have better overall quality of life and well-being for their citizens. This can have positive impacts on various aspects of society, including:
- Economic productivity: Happier individuals tend to be more productive and engaged in their work, which can contribute to a country’s economic growth.
- Public health: Higher levels of happiness and life satisfaction are associated with better physical and mental health outcomes, which can reduce healthcare costs and improve overall well-being.
- Social cohesion: Societies with higher levels of happiness tend to have stronger social bonds and lower levels of conflict and crime.
- Environmental sustainability: Happier individuals may be more likely to engage in environmentally-friendly behaviors and support policies that promote sustainability.
By focusing on the factors that contribute to happiness and well-being, policymakers can develop strategies to improve the overall quality of life for their citizens. The Happiness Index provides a valuable tool for measuring progress and identifying areas where improvements can be made.
Short information
- Abbreviation of Slovenia. SI.
Slovenia is a small country located in Central Europe, known for its beautiful natural landscapes and rich historical heritage. The country has a parliamentary democratic political structure and is a member of the European Union. Notable cultural aspects include traditional folk music and dance, as well as a thriving contemporary arts scene. Slovenia has a diverse economy, with strong industries in manufacturing, services, and tourism.
- Slovenia is the only country in the world with “love” in its name.
- Lake Bled, with its picturesque island and castle, is one of Slovenia’s most famous attractions.
- The country is home to the oldest vine in the world, known as the “Old Vine” in Maribor.
Slovenia – A Comprehensive Overview
Early History and Ancient Civilizations
The territory of present-day Slovenia has been inhabited since prehistoric times, with evidence of human settlements dating back to the Paleolithic era. The region was home to various ancient civilizations, including the Illyrian tribes, who ruled parts of the area before the arrival of the Romans in the 2nd century BC. The Romans established several settlements and cities, such as Emona (modern-day Ljubljana), and the region became part of the Roman Empire.
Kingdoms and Empires
After the fall of the Roman Empire, Slovenia became part of the Kingdom of the Ostrogoths, followed by the Lombards and the Avars. In the 7th century, the area was incorporated into the Duchy of Friuli, which was later absorbed into the Frankish Empire under Charlemagne. In the 10th century, the territory fell under the control of the medieval German Empire, and later, the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
Colonial Period
Slovenia did not experience a traditional colonial period but was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until its dissolution in 1918 after World War I.
Independence and Modern Era
After World War I, Slovenia became part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, which later became the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. During World War II, Slovenia was occupied by Nazi Germany and later liberated by the Yugoslav Partisan resistance movement. After the war, Slovenia became a constituent republic of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. In 1991, following the breakup of Yugoslavia, Slovenia declared independence and became a sovereign nation after a brief Ten-Day War.
Current Political Situation
Slovenia is a parliamentary republic with a multi-party system. The president serves as the head of state, while the prime minister is the head of government. Recent elections were held in April 2022, with Robert Golob becoming the new prime minister. Notable political figures include President Nataša Pirc Musar and former Prime Minister Janez Janša.
International Relations
Slovenia is a member of the European Union, NATO, and the United Nations. It maintains good relations with its neighbors and plays an active role in regional and international organizations. Slovenia has no major international conflicts but has been involved in peacekeeping missions and supports global efforts towards sustainable development and environmental protection.
Human Development and Economy
Slovenia has a high-income economy and ranks highly on the Human Development Index. Major industries include automobile manufacturing, electrical equipment, and pharmaceuticals. The country is known for its picturesque landscapes, diverse cultural heritage, and sustainable tourism practices.
Cultural Highlights
Slovenia is a culturally diverse nation with influences from Slavic, Germanic, and Mediterranean cultures. The majority religion is Christianity, with Roman Catholicism being the predominant denomination. Slovenia is renowned for its stunning natural landscapes, including the Julian Alps, Lake Bled, and the Postojna Cave system. It has also contributed significantly to the fields of literature, art, and architecture.
Challenges and Opportunities
Slovenia faces challenges related to an aging population, economic stagnation, and environmental issues such as air pollution and biodiversity loss. However, the country also has opportunities in sectors like renewable energy, sustainable tourism, and technology. With its strategic location and diverse cultural heritage, Slovenia has the potential to play a significant role in regional and global affairs.
Travel Tips for Slovenia
Best Times to Visit: The peak tourist season is during the summer months (June to August) when the weather is warm and sunny. Spring (April to May) and fall (September to October) are also pleasant times to visit, with fewer crowds and mild temperatures.
Cultural Etiquette: Slovenians are generally reserved and value punctuality. Greet people with a handshake and address them by their titles and surnames until invited to use first names. Dress modestly when visiting religious sites.
Safety Precautions: Slovenia is generally a safe country for travelers. Exercise caution in crowded areas and be aware of pickpockets. Avoid hiking alone in remote areas and check weather conditions before embarking on outdoor adventures.
Must-See Landmarks: Ljubljana’s Old Town, Lake Bled, Predjama Castle, Postojna Cave, Piran’s coastal towns, Julian Alps, Škocjan Caves, and the Vineyards of Goriška Brda.
Culinary Experiences: Try traditional Slovenian dishes like jota (a hearty soup), žganci (buckwheat porridge), and potica (a nut roll). Sample the country’s excellent wines, particularly the dry whites from the Primorska region.
Living in Slovenia
Cost of Living: Slovenia has a relatively high cost of living, especially in larger cities like Ljubljana. However, costs are generally lower than in many Western European countries.
Housing: Rental prices and home ownership costs can be steep in urban areas. Many Slovenians live in apartments or small houses in suburban areas.
Healthcare: Slovenia has a universal healthcare system that provides comprehensive coverage to residents. Private healthcare is also available.
Education: Free public education is available from primary through university levels. Slovenia has a high literacy rate and a strong emphasis on education.
Lifestyle: Slovenians value work-life balance, outdoor activities, and a relaxed pace of life. Family and community ties are important. New residents should learn basic Slovenian phrases and familiarize themselves with local customs and etiquette.
Doing Business in Slovenia
Business Culture: Business culture in Slovenia is formal and hierarchical. Personal relationships and trust are important. Punctuality and preparedness are expected in meetings.
Economic Climate: Slovenia has a stable and open economy, with a focus on manufacturing, services, and tourism. It has a skilled workforce and a strategic location in Central Europe.
Key Industries: Automotive, electrical equipment, pharmaceuticals, telecommunications, and tourism.
Legal Frameworks: Slovenia has a well-established legal system and business-friendly policies. Foreign companies can operate through various legal structures, including limited liability companies and branches.
Strategies for Success: Build strong personal relationships with local partners and be patient in negotiations. Adapt products and services to local preferences and regulations. Invest in employee training and development.
Studying in Slovenia
Educational System: Slovenia has a well-regarded public education system, with free education from primary through university levels. The University of Ljubljana is the largest and oldest institution.
Top Universities: University of Ljubljana, University of Maribor, University of Primorska, and international study programs at private universities.
Student Life: Slovenian universities offer a range of student organizations, clubs, and activities. Many students live in shared apartments or dormitories.
Visa Requirements: EU/EEA citizens can study in Slovenia without a visa. Non-EU students need a temporary residence permit for study purposes.
Opportunities for International Students: Slovenia offers affordable tuition fees and living costs compared to many Western European countries. Several programs are taught in English, and internship opportunities are available.
Main facts
Location
Slovenia is a country located in southern Central Europe, at the crossroads of the Mediterranean, Alpine, and Karst regions. It is situated in the Balkan Peninsula and borders Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the southeast, and the Adriatic Sea to the southwest.
Map References
Slovenia is located in Southern Europe, part of the Balkan Peninsula.
Area – Comparative
With an area of approximately 20,273 square kilometers (7,827 square miles), Slovenia is slightly smaller than the U.S. state of New Jersey.
Land Boundaries and Border Countries
Slovenia shares land borders with the following countries:
Coastline (if applicable)
Slovenia has a coastline of approximately 47 kilometers (29 miles) along the Adriatic Sea. The coastal region is known for its picturesque towns, such as Piran, Portorož, and Koper, as well as the Gulf of Trieste.
Maritime Claims
Slovenia claims the following maritime zones:
- Territorial sea: 12 nautical miles
- Continental shelf: 200-meter depth or to the depth of exploitation
Climate
Slovenia has a continental climate with significant regional variations. The coastal region enjoys a Mediterranean climate, while the mountain regions have an alpine climate with colder temperatures. The eastern part of the country experiences a more continental climate with hot summers and cold winters.
Terrain
Slovenia is a predominantly mountainous country, with the Alps dominating the northern and western regions, and the Dinaric Alps in the south. The country also has extensive plateaus, such as the Karst Plateau, and river valleys, including the Sava River Valley.
Elevation Extremes
The highest point in Slovenia is Mount Triglav at 2,864 meters (9,396 feet), located in the Julian Alps. The lowest point is the Adriatic Sea at 0 meters (0 feet).
Natural Resources
Slovenia’s major natural resources include:
- Lignite coal
- Lead and zinc ores
- Building stone
- Hydropower
- Forests
Major Bodies of Water
The main bodies of water in Slovenia are:
- Adriatic Sea (shared with Croatia and Italy)
- Sava River (shared with Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Serbia)
- Drava River (shared with Austria, Croatia, and Hungary)
- Lake Bled
- Lake Bohinj
Natural Hazards
Slovenia is prone to the following natural hazards:
- Earthquakes in the coastal region and the Julian Alps
- Flooding in low-lying areas
- Landslides in the mountainous regions
Geography – Notes
Slovenia is a highly diverse country, with a unique blend of Mediterranean, Alpine, and Karst landscapes. It is known for its extensive cave systems, including the famous Postojna Cave and Škocjan Caves, which are recognized as UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Additionally, Slovenia boasts a rich biodiversity and is home to numerous protected areas, including the Triglav National Park.
- Forest Area (% of land area): 62.00%. This is the percentage of a country’s total land area that is covered by natural or planted forests.
- Co2 Emissions: 12,633. CO2 emissions refer to the release of carbon dioxide gas into the atmosphere, primarily from the burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas) for energy production, transportation, and industrial processes.
- Agricultural Land( %). 30.70%. Agricultural land refers to the share of land area that is arable and used for cultivating crops or raising livestock.
- Geographic Coordinates: 46.15124114.995463.
- Capital: The capital of Slovenia is Ljubljana
- Major Cities:
- Ljubljana – Population: 279,000
- Maribor – Population: 111,000
- Celje – Population: 48,500
- Kranj – Population: 37,000
- Population: 2,087,946
- Area(Km2): 20273
- Population Density( P/Km²):103. This is the number of people living per square kilometer of land area in a given region or country.
- Calling Code:386
- Official Language(s):Slovenia is Slovene (official) 91.1%, Serbo-Croatian 4.5%, other or unspecified 4.4%.
- Currency: EUR
Main Economic Indicators
Slovenia has a high-income economy with a skilled labor force, well-developed infrastructure, and a strategic location. With a GDP of around $54 billion, it is a small, open economy driven mainly by exports and services. Key challenges include an aging population, sluggish productivity growth, and high public debt. Slovenia pursues pro-business policies to attract foreign investment and boost competitiveness.
Inflation Rate (Consumer Prices)
2021: 4.8% (Source: Statistical Office of Slovenia)
2020: 0.1% (Source: Statistical Office of Slovenia)
Credit Ratings
Fitch: A (Stable)
Moody’s: A3 (Stable)
S&P: A+ (Stable)
GDP – Composition by Sector of Origin
Agriculture: 1.9%
Industry: 27.4%
Services: 70.7%
Key Agricultural and Industrial Products
Agricultural Products: Wheat, corn, wine grapes, apples, poultry, cattle, dairy products
Industrial Products: Vehicles and vehicle parts, electrical equipment, machinery, pharmaceuticals, metals, chemicals, furniture
Labor Force
Total Labor Force: 1.05 million (2022 est.)
Comparative Ranking: 144th in the world
Current Account Balance
2021: $4.28 billion (6.2% of GDP)
2020: $3.85 billion (7.1% of GDP)
Comparative Ranking: 36th in the world (2021)
Exports and Imports
Exports: $48.91 billion (2021 est.)
Key Partners: Germany, Italy, Croatia, Austria, France
Main Commodities: Vehicles, machinery and equipment, pharmaceuticals, electrical equipment
Imports: $47.28 billion (2021 est.)
Key Partners: Germany, Italy, Austria, China, Switzerland
Main Commodities: Machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, chemicals, fuels and lubricants, food
Reserves of Foreign Exchange and Gold
Foreign Exchange Reserves: $1.44 billion (2021 est.)
Gold Reserves: 3.2 million ounces (2022 est.)
- GDP (Current US$):$53,742,159,517. It represents a country’s gross domestic product measured in current US dollars. Higher values indicate a larger economy and economic output.
- Tax Revenue (% of GDP): 18.60%. It refers to the amount of tax revenue collected by the government, expressed as a percentage of the country’s gross domestic product (GDP). Higher values indicate a higher tax burden relative to the size of the economy.
- Total Tax Rate (% of commercial profits): 31.00%. This is the sum of all taxes payable by businesses, expressed as a percentage of their commercial profits. Higher values indicate a higher tax burden on businesses.
- Gasoline Price. $1.32. It refers to the cost of one liter or gallon of gasoline/petrol. Higher values indicate more expensive gasoline prices for consumers and businesses.
- Minimum wage. $5.25. It refers to the lowest legally mandated hourly wage that employers must pay their workers. Higher values indicate a higher minimum level of pay for low-wage workers.
- Unemployment Rate (%): 4.20%. It represents the percentage of the labor force that is unemployed and actively seeking employment. Higher values indicate more joblessness in the economy.
Social Indicators
National Identity
Nationality (noun): Slovenian(s)
Nationality (adjective): Slovenian
Ethnic Groups
Major ethnic groups:
- Slovene: 83.1%
- Serb: 2%
- Croat: 1.8%
- Bosniak: 1.1%
- Others or unspecified: 12%
Religions
Main religious affiliations:
- Christian (Catholic): 57.8%
- Muslim: 2.4%
- Orthodox: 2.3%
- Other or unaffiliated: 37.5%
Age Structure
Population distribution:
- 0-14 years: 13.65%
- 15-64 years: 67.92%
- 65 years and over: 18.43%
Dependency Ratios
Total dependency ratio: 47.8%
Youth dependency ratio: 20.1%
Elderly dependency ratio: 27.7%
Median Age
Median age: 43.7 years
Median age (male): 41.8 years
Median age (female): 45.6 years
Lifestyle Indicators
Obesity rate: 20.2% of the adult population (2016)
Alcohol consumption: 11.8 liters of pure alcohol per capita (2016)
Tobacco use: 24.1% of adults (2016)
- Life Expectancy at Birth: 81. Life Expectancy at Birth refers to the estimated average number of years a newborn is expected to live based on current mortality rates. Higher values indicate better health outcomes and living conditions in a country or region.
- Literacy Rate (% of adults): 99.7%. It refers to the percentage of the population aged 15 and above who can read and write with understanding of a short simple statement about their everyday life. Higher literacy rates indicate better educational attainment within a population.
- Birth Rate:9.4. Birth Rate is the total number of live births per 1,000 population in a given year. Higher birth rates indicate a larger share of the population being born each year.
- Death Rate:11. Death Rate is the number of deaths per 1,000 population in a given year. Higher death rates indicate more people dying annually within a population.
- Fertility Rate: 1.6. Fertility Rate is the average number of children a woman would have over her reproductive years based on current birth rates. Higher fertility rates indicate larger family sizes and population growth.
- Internet Users (% of population): 77.4%. Internet Users (% of population) refers to the percentage of the total population in a country or region that has access to and uses the internet. Higher values indicate greater internet penetration and connectivity among the population.
- Urban Population: 1,144,654. Urban Population refers to the percentage or number of people living in urban areas or cities within a country or region. Higher urban population values indicate greater urbanization and concentration of people in cities compared to rural areas.
- Out of Pocket Health Expenditure (% of total health expenditure):12.50%. Out of Pocket Health Expenditure (% of total health expenditure) represents the portion of total health care costs that individuals pay directly out of their own pockets, rather than being covered by insurance or government programs. Higher values indicate greater personal financial burden for health care expenses.
Infrastructure and Services
Military and Security Forces
Slovenia’s military force is known as the Slovenian Armed Forces (Slovenska vojska). It consists of the following branches:
- Slovenian Ground Force (Slovenska kopenska vojska)
- Slovenian Air Force and Air Defense (Slovensko vojno letalstvo in zračna obramba)
- Slovenian Navy (Slovenska vojna mornarica)
Slovenia does not have any foreign legions or elite tactical units. The Slovenian Police (Slovenska policija) is responsible for maintaining internal security.
Military Expenditures
Slovenia’s military spending as a percentage of GDP for the last five years:
- 2022: 1.53%
- 2021: 1.26%
- 2020: 1.35%
- 2019: 1.25%
- 2018: 1.16%
Slovenia ranked 92nd globally in military spending in 2022.
Personnel Strengths
Slovenia has approximately 7,300 active-duty military personnel, with the following breakdown:
- Slovenian Ground Force: 6,000
- Slovenian Air Force and Air Defense: 900
- Slovenian Navy: 400
There are no notable paramilitary or gendarmerie forces.
Military Equipment Inventories and Acquisitions
Slovenia’s military equipment inventory primarily consists of imported hardware, including:
- Armored vehicles: M-84 main battle tanks, BVP M-80A infantry fighting vehicles
- Artillery: M-77 Oganj 155mm self-propelled howitzers, M-63 Plamen 128mm multiple rocket launchers
- Aircraft: Pilatus PC-9M turboprop trainers, Bell 412 utility helicopters
- Naval vessels: Patrol boats, minesweepers
Slovenia has no significant ongoing military acquisition or development programs.
Military Service Age and Obligation
Slovenia abolished mandatory military service in 2003. The voluntary military service age ranges from 18 to 30 years old. There are no special enlistment programs or recent changes to military service policies.
Military Deployments
Slovenia currently has no significant overseas military deployments. It contributes personnel to various NATO and EU peacekeeping missions.
Strategic Military Notes
Slovenia’s defense strategy focuses on territorial defense and participating in international peacekeeping operations. The country has no specific geographic or strategic threats.
Slovenia is a member of NATO and the EU, and its military cooperates closely with these organizations. It does not have any notable military alliances or partnerships beyond these memberships.
- Armed Forces Size: 7300. Armed Forces Size refers to the total number of active personnel serving in a country’s military forces, including the army, navy, air force, and other branches. Higher values indicate a larger military presence and personnel.
- Physicians per Thousand: Number of doctors per 1,000 people is 03.09
- Population: Labor Force Participation (%): 58.40%. This is the percentage of the total population aged 15 and older that is economically active, meaning they are either employed or actively seeking employment. Higher values indicate a greater proportion of the working-age population engaged in the labor force.