World Happiness Report for Malawi 2024
- Overall Happiness Rank Malawi: 136
- Happiness Score Malawi:3.421
Happiness is a subjective concept that has long been debated by philosophers, psychologists, and economists alike. However, in recent years, there has been a growing interest in quantifying happiness and using it as a measure of a nation’s overall well-being. This is where the concept of the Happiness Index comes into play.
What is the Happiness Index?
The Happiness Index is a measure that attempts to quantify the overall happiness and life satisfaction of a country’s population. It is based on the idea that traditional economic indicators, such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP), do not fully capture the overall well-being of a society. The Happiness Index takes into account various factors that contribute to an individual’s sense of happiness and life satisfaction, including social support, freedom to make life choices, healthy life expectancy, and perceptions of corruption.
How is the Happiness Index Calculated?
The Happiness Index is calculated through a combination of subjective and objective data. The primary source of data is the Gallup World Poll, which is a survey conducted in over 160 countries. The survey asks respondents to rate their overall life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10, with 0 being the worst possible life and 10 being the best possible life.
In addition to the life satisfaction score, the Happiness Index also takes into account the following factors:
- GDP per capita: This is a measure of a country’s economic output and standard of living.
- Social support: This factor measures the extent to which individuals have supportive relationships and love in their lives.
- Healthy life expectancy: This is a measure of the number of years an individual is expected to live in good health.
- Freedom to make life choices: This factor measures the extent to which individuals are able to make decisions about their lives without external constraints.
- Generosity: This factor measures the extent to which individuals engage in charitable activities and donate to others.
- Perceptions of corruption: This factor measures the extent to which individuals perceive their society to be free from corruption.
These factors are weighted and combined to produce an overall Happiness Index score for each country.
What Does the Happiness Index Affect?
The Happiness Index has significant implications for policymaking and societal well-being. Countries with higher Happiness Index scores are generally considered to have better overall quality of life and well-being for their citizens. This can have positive impacts on various aspects of society, including:
- Economic productivity: Happier individuals tend to be more productive and engaged in their work, which can contribute to a country’s economic growth.
- Public health: Higher levels of happiness and life satisfaction are associated with better physical and mental health outcomes, which can reduce healthcare costs and improve overall well-being.
- Social cohesion: Societies with higher levels of happiness tend to have stronger social bonds and lower levels of conflict and crime.
- Environmental sustainability: Happier individuals may be more likely to engage in environmentally-friendly behaviors and support policies that promote sustainability.
By focusing on the factors that contribute to happiness and well-being, policymakers can develop strategies to improve the overall quality of life for their citizens. The Happiness Index provides a valuable tool for measuring progress and identifying areas where improvements can be made.
Short information
- Abbreviation of Malawi. MW.
Malawi is a landlocked country in southeastern Africa.
- It is a democratic country with a president as the head of state and government.
- Malawi is known for its rich cultural heritage, with traditional music, dance, and art playing a significant role in the country’s identity.
- The economy is largely based on agriculture, with tea, sugar, and tobacco being key exports.
Overview of Malawi
Brief History
Early History: The area now known as Malawi has been inhabited since the Iron Age, with the Maravi people being among the earliest settlers. Ancient civilizations such as the Akafula and Batwa thrived in the region.
Kingdoms and Empires: The Maravi Kingdom emerged as a powerful force in the 16th century, controlling much of the territory that is modern-day Malawi. Later, the Ngoni people, migrating from South Africa, established their dominance in parts of the country.
Colonial Period: In the late 19th century, the area came under the control of the British, becoming the British Protectorate of Nyasaland in 1891. The colonial period saw significant upheaval, including the Chilembwe Uprising in 1915, led by John Chilembwe against British rule.
Independence and Modern Era: Malawi gained independence from Britain in 1964, with Hastings Kamuzu Banda becoming the first president. Banda’s authoritarian rule lasted until 1994 when multi-party democracy was established. Since then, Malawi has held regular democratic elections, though political tensions and corruption have posed ongoing challenges.
Current Political Situation: Malawi is a multi-party democracy with a presidential system. The current president is Lazarus Chakwera, who took office in 2020 after a historic re-run election. The government faces issues such as poverty, economic stagnation, and the need for improved governance.
International Relations: Malawi maintains friendly relations with its neighbors and is a member of various regional and international organizations, including the African Union, the Southern African Development Community (SADC), and the Commonwealth of Nations.
Human Development and Economy: Malawi is one of the poorest countries in the world, with agriculture being the backbone of its economy. Major exports include tobacco, tea, and sugar. The country has made progress in areas such as education and healthcare but faces ongoing challenges related to poverty, food insecurity, and limited infrastructure.
Cultural Highlights: Malawi is known for its warm hospitality and rich cultural heritage. The country is home to various ethnic groups, including the Chewa, Tumbuka, and Yao, each with their own traditions and languages. Notable cultural contributions include traditional music, dance, and crafts.
Malawi faces significant challenges related to poverty, economic development, corruption, and environmental issues such as deforestation and soil erosion. However, the country’s natural beauty, friendly people, and potential for sustainable development present opportunities for growth and progress.
Travel Tips for Malawi
Best Times to Visit: The dry season from May to October offers the most favorable weather for travel, with cooler temperatures and minimal rainfall. However, the green season from November to April can be a more affordable time to visit.
Cultural Etiquette: Malawians value respect, courtesy, and modesty. Greet others with a handshake, dress conservatively, and ask for permission before taking photographs.
Safety Precautions: Exercise caution in crowded areas and be aware of petty crime. Avoid walking alone at night, and follow local advice on areas to avoid.
Must-See Landmarks: Visit Lake Malawi, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, for its stunning beaches and diverse wildlife. Explore the Liwonde National Park and Mulanje Massif for hiking and wildlife viewing.
Culinary Experiences: Try local dishes like nsima (a thick porridge made from maize flour), chambo (fish from Lake Malawi), and mandasi (fried dough snacks).
Main facts
1. Location
Malawi is a landlocked country located in southeastern Africa. It is situated in the Great Rift Valley and is bordered by Zambia to the west, Tanzania to the north, and Mozambique to the east, south, and southwest.
2. Map References
Malawi is located in Southern Africa.
3. Area – Comparative
Malawi has an area of approximately 118,484 square km, making it slightly smaller than the U.S. state of Pennsylvania.
4. Land Boundaries and Border Countries
Malawi shares land borders with the following countries:
- Tanzania: 475 km
- Mozambique: 1,569 km
- Zambia: 847 km
5. Coastline
Malawi is a landlocked country and has no coastline.
6. Maritime Claims
As a landlocked country, Malawi has no maritime claims.
7. Climate
Malawi has a subtropical climate, with a rainy season from November to April and a dry season from May to October. The climate is generally warm, with temperatures ranging from 18°C to 30°C throughout the year.
8. Terrain
Malawi’s terrain is characterized by the Great Rift Valley, which runs through the country from north to south. The landscape features a plateau, highlands, and mountains, including the Mulanje Massif and Zomba Plateau. The country also has several lakes, including Lake Malawi, the third-largest lake in Africa.
9. Elevation Extremes
The highest point in Malawi is Sapitwa (Mount Mulanje) at 3,002 meters, while the lowest point is the junction of the Shire River and the international border with Mozambique at 37 meters.
10. Natural Resources
Malawi’s major natural resources include limestone, arable land, hydropower, unexploited deposits of uranium, coal, and bauxite.
11. Major Bodies of Water
The most significant body of water in Malawi is Lake Malawi, a freshwater lake shared with Mozambique and Tanzania. Other notable water bodies include the Shire River, which flows from Lake Malawi, and Lake Chilwa, a salt lake located in the southern part of the country.
12. Natural Hazards
The primary natural hazards in Malawi include periodic droughts, flooding, and earthquakes.
13. Geography – Notes
Environmental Considerations
Malawi faces environmental challenges such as deforestation, soil erosion, and water pollution, which can have significant impacts on the country’s agriculture and economy.
Geopolitical Considerations
As a landlocked country, Malawi relies heavily on neighboring countries for international trade and transportation, making regional cooperation and stability crucial for its economic development.
- Forest Area (% of land area): 33.20%. This is the percentage of a country’s total land area that is covered by natural or planted forests.
- Co2 Emissions: 1,298. CO2 emissions refer to the release of carbon dioxide gas into the atmosphere, primarily from the burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas) for energy production, transportation, and industrial processes.
- Agricultural Land( %). 61.40%. Agricultural land refers to the share of land area that is arable and used for cultivating crops or raising livestock.
- Geographic Coordinates: -13.25430834.301525.
- Capital: The capital of Malawi is Lilongwe
- Major Cities:
- Lilongwe – Population: 1,077,116
- Blantyre – Population: 877,283
- Mzuzu – Population: 221,272
- Zomba – Population: 101,140
- Population: 18,628,747
- Area(Km2): 118484
- Population Density( P/Km²):203. This is the number of people living per square kilometer of land area in a given region or country.
- Calling Code:265
- Official Language(s):Malawi is Chichewa (official) and 57.2%, other languages include Chinyanja 12.8%, Chiyao 10.1%, Chitumbuka 9.5%, Chisena 3.4%, Chilomwe 2.4%, Chitonga 1.7%, other 2.5% (2018 est.)
- Currency: MWK
Main Economic Indicators
Malawi is a landlocked country in southeastern Africa with a predominantly agricultural economy. The country’s economy heavily relies on the export of tobacco, tea, sugar, and other cash crops. Key economic challenges include a high reliance on rain-fed agriculture, limited foreign investment, and a lack of economic diversification. Malawi has implemented various policies to promote economic growth, such as expanding the manufacturing sector and encouraging foreign investment.
Inflation Rate (Consumer Prices)
- 2021: 9.3% (Source: World Bank)
- 2020: 8.6% (Source: World Bank)
Credit Ratings
- Fitch: Not Rated
- Moody’s: Not Rated
- Standard & Poor’s: Not Rated
GDP – Composition by Sector of Origin
- Agriculture: 26.1%
- Industry: 15.7%
- Services: 58.2% (Source: World Bank, 2021 estimates)
Key Agricultural and Industrial Products
Agricultural Products: Tobacco, tea, sugar, corn, groundnuts, cotton, coffee, pineapples, sorghum, potatoes, cassava, sweet potatoes, bananas, rice, pulses, cattle, goats, pigs, poultry.
Industrial Products: Tobacco processing, tea production, sugar refining, cement, consumer goods, beverages, sawmilling, mining (uranium, coal, limestone).
Labor Force
Total Labor Force: 8.1 million (2021 estimate, World Bank)
Labor Force Ranking: Not Ranked
Current Account Balance
- 2021: -$1.02 billion (Source: World Bank)
- 2020: -$1.09 billion (Source: World Bank)
- Current Account Balance Ranking: Not Ranked
Exports and Imports
Exports: $1.07 billion (2021, World Bank)
Key Export Partners: Belgium, United States, Germany, South Africa, United Kingdom
Main Exports: Tobacco, tea, sugar, coffee, peanuts, wood products, apparel
Imports: $2.61 billion (2021, World Bank)
Key Import Partners: South Africa, United Arab Emirates, China, India, Japan
Main Imports: Food, petroleum products, semi-manufactured goods, consumer goods, transportation equipment
Reserves of Foreign Exchange and Gold
Foreign Exchange Reserves: $1.02 billion (December 2021, World Bank)
Gold Reserves: Not Available
- GDP (Current US$):$7,666,704,427. It represents a country’s gross domestic product measured in current US dollars. Higher values indicate a larger economy and economic output.
- Tax Revenue (% of GDP): 17.30%. It refers to the amount of tax revenue collected by the government, expressed as a percentage of the country’s gross domestic product (GDP). Higher values indicate a higher tax burden relative to the size of the economy.
- Total Tax Rate (% of commercial profits): 34.50%. This is the sum of all taxes payable by businesses, expressed as a percentage of their commercial profits. Higher values indicate a higher tax burden on businesses.
- Gasoline Price. $1.15. It refers to the cost of one liter or gallon of gasoline/petrol. Higher values indicate more expensive gasoline prices for consumers and businesses.
- Minimum wage. $0.12. It refers to the lowest legally mandated hourly wage that employers must pay their workers. Higher values indicate a higher minimum level of pay for low-wage workers.
- Unemployment Rate (%): 5.65%. It represents the percentage of the labor force that is unemployed and actively seeking employment. Higher values indicate more joblessness in the economy.
Social Indicators
1. National Identity
Noun: Malawian(s)
Adjective: Malawian
2. Ethnic Groups
Major Ethnic Groups:
- Chewa (35.1%)
- Lomwe (18.9%)
- Yao (13.1%)
- Ngoni (11.4%)
- Tumbuka (8.8%)
- Sena (3.6%)
- Tonga (1.9%)
- Others (7.2%)
3. Religions
Religious Affiliations:
- Protestant (33.5%)
- Roman Catholic (17.2%)
- Other Christian (34.9%)
- Muslim (13.8%)
- Other (0.6%)
4. Age Structure
Age Distribution:
- 0-14 years: 44.7%
- 15-64 years: 52.3%
- 65 years and over: 3%
5. Dependency Ratios
Total Dependency Ratio: 88.6
Youth Dependency Ratio: 84.7
Elderly Dependency Ratio: 3.9
6. Median Age
Total Median Age: 17.3 years
Median Age (Male): 16.9 years
Median Age (Female): 17.7 years
7. Lifestyle Indicators
Obesity Rate: 5.8% of the adult population
Alcohol Consumption: 2.5 liters of pure alcohol per capita per year
Tobacco Use: 25.9% of adults aged 15 and over
- Life Expectancy at Birth: 63.8. Life Expectancy at Birth refers to the estimated average number of years a newborn is expected to live based on current mortality rates. Higher values indicate better health outcomes and living conditions in a country or region.
- Literacy Rate (% of adults): 62.1%. It refers to the percentage of the population aged 15 and above who can read and write with understanding of a short simple statement about their everyday life. Higher literacy rates indicate better educational attainment within a population.
- Birth Rate:34.12. Birth Rate is the total number of live births per 1,000 population in a given year. Higher birth rates indicate a larger share of the population being born each year.
- Death Rate:7. Death Rate is the number of deaths per 1,000 population in a given year. Higher death rates indicate more people dying annually within a population.
- Fertility Rate: 4.21. Fertility Rate is the average number of children a woman would have over her reproductive years based on current birth rates. Higher fertility rates indicate larger family sizes and population growth.
- Internet Users (% of population): 12.9%. Internet Users (% of population) refers to the percentage of the total population in a country or region that has access to and uses the internet. Higher values indicate greater internet penetration and connectivity among the population.
- Urban Population: 3,199,301. Urban Population refers to the percentage or number of people living in urban areas or cities within a country or region. Higher urban population values indicate greater urbanization and concentration of people in cities compared to rural areas.
- Out of Pocket Health Expenditure (% of total health expenditure):11.00%. Out of Pocket Health Expenditure (% of total health expenditure) represents the portion of total health care costs that individuals pay directly out of their own pockets, rather than being covered by insurance or government programs. Higher values indicate greater personal financial burden for health care expenses.
Infrastructure and Services
Military and Security Forces
The Malawi Defence Force (MDF) is responsible for the country’s military and security operations. It consists of the following main branches:
- Malawi Army
- Malawi Air Force
- Malawi Maritime Force
The Malawi Police Service (MPS) is responsible for maintaining internal security and law enforcement.
Military Expenditures
Malawi’s military expenditures as a percentage of GDP for the last five years:
- 2021: 0.7%
- 2020: 0.7%
- 2019: 0.8%
- 2018: 0.8%
- 2017: 0.8%
Globally, Malawi’s military spending ranks among the lowest.
Personnel Strengths
The total active-duty military personnel in Malawi is estimated at around 15,000:
- Army: 10,000
- Air Force: 1,000
- Maritime Force: 700
The Malawi Police Service has approximately 12,000 personnel.
Military Equipment Inventories and Acquisitions
Malawi’s military equipment includes a mix of domestically produced and imported hardware, primarily from China, South Africa, and the United Kingdom. The inventory includes:
- Light armored vehicles
- Utility helicopters
- Transport aircraft
- Small arms and artillery pieces
There are no significant ongoing or planned major military acquisitions.
Military Service Age and Obligation
Military service in Malawi is voluntary, with the following age requirements:
- Army: 18-25 years
- Air Force: 18-25 years
- Maritime Force: 18-25 years
There are no recent changes to military service policies.
Military Deployments
Malawi has a small contingent of troops deployed as part of the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic (MINUSCA) and the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS).
Strategic Military Notes
Malawi’s defense strategy is focused on maintaining internal security, territorial integrity, and contributing to regional peacekeeping efforts. The MDF plays a limited role in international security beyond participation in UN missions.
Malawi is a member of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) and its military cooperates with regional partners, particularly South Africa and Tanzania.
- Armed Forces Size: 10700. Armed Forces Size refers to the total number of active personnel serving in a country’s military forces, including the army, navy, air force, and other branches. Higher values indicate a larger military presence and personnel.
- Physicians per Thousand: Number of doctors per 1,000 people is 0.04
- Population: Labor Force Participation (%): 76.70%. This is the percentage of the total population aged 15 and older that is economically active, meaning they are either employed or actively seeking employment. Higher values indicate a greater proportion of the working-age population engaged in the labor force.