World Happiness Report for Iraq 2024
- Overall Happiness Rank Iraq: 92
- Happiness Score Iraq:5.166
Happiness is a subjective concept that has long been debated by philosophers, psychologists, and economists alike. However, in recent years, there has been a growing interest in quantifying happiness and using it as a measure of a nation’s overall well-being. This is where the concept of the Happiness Index comes into play.
What is the Happiness Index?
The Happiness Index is a measure that attempts to quantify the overall happiness and life satisfaction of a country’s population. It is based on the idea that traditional economic indicators, such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP), do not fully capture the overall well-being of a society. The Happiness Index takes into account various factors that contribute to an individual’s sense of happiness and life satisfaction, including social support, freedom to make life choices, healthy life expectancy, and perceptions of corruption.
How is the Happiness Index Calculated?
The Happiness Index is calculated through a combination of subjective and objective data. The primary source of data is the Gallup World Poll, which is a survey conducted in over 160 countries. The survey asks respondents to rate their overall life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10, with 0 being the worst possible life and 10 being the best possible life.
In addition to the life satisfaction score, the Happiness Index also takes into account the following factors:
- GDP per capita: This is a measure of a country’s economic output and standard of living.
- Social support: This factor measures the extent to which individuals have supportive relationships and love in their lives.
- Healthy life expectancy: This is a measure of the number of years an individual is expected to live in good health.
- Freedom to make life choices: This factor measures the extent to which individuals are able to make decisions about their lives without external constraints.
- Generosity: This factor measures the extent to which individuals engage in charitable activities and donate to others.
- Perceptions of corruption: This factor measures the extent to which individuals perceive their society to be free from corruption.
These factors are weighted and combined to produce an overall Happiness Index score for each country.
What Does the Happiness Index Affect?
The Happiness Index has significant implications for policymaking and societal well-being. Countries with higher Happiness Index scores are generally considered to have better overall quality of life and well-being for their citizens. This can have positive impacts on various aspects of society, including:
- Economic productivity: Happier individuals tend to be more productive and engaged in their work, which can contribute to a country’s economic growth.
- Public health: Higher levels of happiness and life satisfaction are associated with better physical and mental health outcomes, which can reduce healthcare costs and improve overall well-being.
- Social cohesion: Societies with higher levels of happiness tend to have stronger social bonds and lower levels of conflict and crime.
- Environmental sustainability: Happier individuals may be more likely to engage in environmentally-friendly behaviors and support policies that promote sustainability.
By focusing on the factors that contribute to happiness and well-being, policymakers can develop strategies to improve the overall quality of life for their citizens. The Happiness Index provides a valuable tool for measuring progress and identifying areas where improvements can be made.
Short information
- Abbreviation of Iraq. IQ.
Iraq is a country in Western Asia with a parliamentary representative democratic republic. Its economy is largely based on oil and natural gas exports. The Iraqi culture is rich in tradition and includes music, literature, and cuisine.
- Iraq is home to ancient Mesopotamia, considered one of the cradles of civilization.
- The Tigris and Euphrates rivers run through Iraq, providing water for irrigation and agriculture.
- Iraq has a diverse population, with Arab, Kurdish, and Turkmen ethnic groups among others.
Iraq – A Comprehensive Overview
Early History: The region of modern-day Iraq has been home to some of the earliest civilizations in human history, including the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians. These ancient cultures flourished in the fertile lands between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, known as Mesopotamia, and left behind remarkable architectural and cultural legacies.
Kingdoms and Empires: Over the centuries, Iraq has been ruled by various powerful kingdoms and empires, including the Achaemenid Persian Empire, the Sassanid Empire, the Abbasid Caliphate, and the Ottoman Empire. These empires played a significant role in shaping the region’s culture, religion, and political landscape.
Colonial Period: In the early 20th century, Iraq came under British control as a result of the Sykes-Picot Agreement after World War I. The British Mandate of Mesopotamia lasted until 1932, when Iraq gained independence as a constitutional monarchy.
Independence and Modern Era: After gaining independence, Iraq experienced periods of political instability, coups, and conflicts, including the Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988) and the Gulf War (1990-1991) following the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. In 2003, a coalition led by the United States invaded Iraq, leading to the overthrow of Saddam Hussein’s regime and a long period of insurgency and sectarian violence.
Current Political Situation: Iraq is a federal parliamentary republic with a democratically elected government. The current prime minister is Mohammed Shia’ Al Sudani, and the president is Abdul Latif Rashid. However, the country continues to face challenges related to political instability, corruption, and sectarian tensions.
International Relations: Iraq maintains diplomatic relations with many countries in the region and globally. However, its relationships with neighboring countries, particularly Iran and Saudi Arabia, have been strained due to regional power dynamics and sectarian tensions. Iraq is also engaged in efforts to counter terrorism and maintain stability in the region.
Human Development and Economy: Iraq has a mixed economy with significant oil reserves, but its development has been hindered by years of conflict and instability. The country’s main industries include oil production, agriculture, and construction. Despite its natural resources, Iraq faces challenges with poverty, unemployment, and infrastructure development.
Cultural Highlights: Iraq has a rich cultural heritage, influenced by its ancient civilizations and diverse ethnic and religious groups. The country is home to numerous archaeological sites, including the ancient cities of Babylon and Ur. Iraqi cuisine, literature, music, and traditional crafts also contribute to the country’s cultural identity.
Challenges and Opportunities: Iraq faces significant challenges, including political instability, sectarian tensions, economic diversification, infrastructure development, and rebuilding efforts after years of conflict. However, the country also has opportunities to leverage its natural resources, strategic location, and rich cultural heritage for economic growth and regional cooperation.
Travel Tips for Iraq
• Best times to visit: Spring (March-May) and autumn (September-November) when temperatures are milder.
• Cultural etiquette: Dress modestly, especially when visiting religious sites. Respect local customs and traditions.
• Safety precautions: Exercise caution and follow travel advisories. Avoid high-risk areas and demonstrations.
• Must-see landmarks: Ancient cities of Babylon and Ur, Al-Mustansiriya Madrasah in Baghdad, Erbil Citadel.
• Culinary experiences: Try traditional dishes like masgouf (grilled fish), dolma (stuffed vegetables), and kunafa (sweet dessert).
Living in Iraq
• Cost of living: Relatively low, but varies depending on the city and lifestyle.
• Housing: Rental and purchase options available, from apartments to villas. Housing quality can vary.
• Healthcare: Public healthcare system is strained; private clinics and hospitals are available.
Main facts
1. Location
Iraq is a country in Western Asia, situated in the Middle East region. It borders Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, Kuwait to the southeast, Saudi Arabia to the south, Jordan to the southwest, and Syria to the west. The country also has a small coastline along the northern end of the Persian Gulf.
2. Map References
Iraq is located in the Middle East region of Western Asia.
3. Area – Comparative
Iraq has an area of 438,317 square kilometers, making it slightly more than three times the size of the U.S. state of New York.
4. Land Boundaries and Border Countries
Iraq has a total land boundary length of 3,650 kilometers. It shares borders with the following countries:
5. Coastline (if applicable)
Iraq has a coastline of 58 kilometers along the Persian Gulf.
6. Maritime Claims
Iraq claims the following maritime zones:
- Territorial Sea: 12 nautical miles
- Continental Shelf: not specified
7. Climate
Iraq has a mostly hot and dry climate with subtropical influences. The northern regions experience cooler temperatures due to higher elevations, while the southern and central regions are hot and arid. Rainfall is generally low across the country, with most precipitation occurring during the winter months.
8. Terrain
Iraq’s terrain is characterized by broad plains in the central and eastern regions, with desert areas in the west and southwest. The northern regions feature mountains, including the Zagros Mountains and Kurdish Mountains. Iraq is also home to the Tigris and Euphrates River Valleys, which have been vital for agriculture and human settlement throughout history.
9. Elevation Extremes
The highest point in Iraq is Garu Mountain at 3,611 meters, located in the northeast near the Iranian border. The lowest point is the Persian Gulf at 0 meters.
10. Natural Resources
Iraq’s major natural resources include:
- Petroleum
- Natural Gas
- Phosphates
- Sulfur
11. Major Bodies of Water
The two main rivers in Iraq are the Tigris and the Euphrates, which converge in the southeast before flowing into the Persian Gulf. The Shatt al-Arab waterway is formed by the confluence of these two rivers. Other significant water bodies include the Tharthar Lake and the Habbaniyah Lake.
12. Natural Hazards
The major natural hazards in Iraq include:
- Dust storms
- Sandstorms
- Floods
13. Geography – Notes
Iraq is known for its rich history and cultural heritage, with many ancient cities and archaeological sites located in the fertile Mesopotamian region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. The country’s geographic location and access to water resources have been crucial factors in the development of civilizations throughout history. However, Iraq’s geography has also been shaped by conflicts and environmental challenges, such as desertification and water scarcity.
- Forest Area (% of land area): 1.90%. This is the percentage of a country’s total land area that is covered by natural or planted forests.
- Co2 Emissions: 190,061. CO2 emissions refer to the release of carbon dioxide gas into the atmosphere, primarily from the burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas) for energy production, transportation, and industrial processes.
- Agricultural Land( %). 21.40%. Agricultural land refers to the share of land area that is arable and used for cultivating crops or raising livestock.
- Geographic Coordinates: 33.22319143.679291.
- Capital: The capital of Iraq is Baghdad
- Major Cities:
- Baghdad – Population: 7,180,000
- Basra – Population: 2,150,000
- Mosul – Population: 1,739,471
- Erbil – Population: 1,530,000
- Kirkuk – Population: 1,055,000
- Population: 39,309,783
- Area(Km2): 438317
- Population Density( P/Km²):93. This is the number of people living per square kilometer of land area in a given region or country.
- Calling Code:964
- Official Language(s):Iraq is Arabic (official), Kurdish (official in Kurdish regions), Turkmen, Assyrian, and Armenian. Arabic is spoken by 80-85%, Kurdish by 15-20%, and others by 5%.
- Currency: IQD
Main Economic Indicators
Iraq has a resource-rich economy dominated by the oil sector, which provides about 90% of government revenue and 85% of total foreign exchange earnings. The economy is highly vulnerable to volatility in global oil prices and production levels. Iraq’s economy faces significant challenges including a large public sector workforce, widespread corruption, dilapidated infrastructure, and overall lack of economic diversification. The government is seeking to enact reforms, strengthen the private sector, and attract foreign direct investment.
Inflation Rate (Consumer Prices)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
2022: 7.9% (Source: Central Bank of Iraq)
2021: 6.8% (Source: Central Bank of Iraq)
Credit Ratings
Fitch: B-
Moody’s: Caa1
Standard & Poor’s: B-
GDP – Composition by Sector of Origin
Agriculture: 2.4%
Industry: 59.6% (including Oil and Mining)
Services: 38%
(Source: Central Statistical Organization of Iraq, 2020 estimates)
Key Agricultural and Industrial Products
Agricultural Products: Wheat, barley, rice, vegetables, dates, cotton, cattle, sheep, poultry
Industrial Products: Crude oil, refined petroleum products, construction materials, textiles, leather, food processing
Labor Force
Total Labor Force: 9.4 million (2020 est.)
Comparative Ranking: 57th in the world
Current Account Balance
2022: $55.1 billion (surplus)
2021: $25.6 billion (surplus)
Comparative Ranking: 10th in the world (2022 est.)
Exports and Imports
Exports: $107.4 billion (2022 est.)
Key Export Partners: China, India, South Korea, Italy, Taiwan
Main Exports: Crude oil, refined petroleum products, gold
Imports: $52.9 billion (2022 est.)
Key Import Partners: Turkey, China, South Korea, India, Russia
Main Imports: Machinery, vehicles, iron and steel, food
Reserves of Foreign Exchange and Gold
Foreign Exchange Reserves: $74.1 billion (2022 est.)
Gold Reserves: 96.3 tonnes (2022 est.)
- GDP (Current US$):$234,094,042,939. It represents a country’s gross domestic product measured in current US dollars. Higher values indicate a larger economy and economic output.
- Tax Revenue (% of GDP): 2.00%. It refers to the amount of tax revenue collected by the government, expressed as a percentage of the country’s gross domestic product (GDP). Higher values indicate a higher tax burden relative to the size of the economy.
- Total Tax Rate (% of commercial profits): 30.80%. This is the sum of all taxes payable by businesses, expressed as a percentage of their commercial profits. Higher values indicate a higher tax burden on businesses.
- Gasoline Price. $0.61. It refers to the cost of one liter or gallon of gasoline/petrol. Higher values indicate more expensive gasoline prices for consumers and businesses.
- Minimum wage. $1.24. It refers to the lowest legally mandated hourly wage that employers must pay their workers. Higher values indicate a higher minimum level of pay for low-wage workers.
- Unemployment Rate (%): 12.82%. It represents the percentage of the labor force that is unemployed and actively seeking employment. Higher values indicate more joblessness in the economy.
Social Indicators
National Identity
Nationality Noun: Iraqi(s)
Nationality Adjective: Iraqi
Ethnic Groups
- Arab: 75-80%
- Kurdish: 15-20%
- Turkmen, Assyrian, or other: 5%
Religions
- Muslim (official): 95-98%
- Shia: 64-69%
- Sunni: 29-34%
- Christian: 1% (Assyrians, Armenians, Protestants, Roman Catholics)
- Other: 1-4% (Yazidis, Sabean-Mandaeans, Baha’is, Zoroastrians, Hindus, Buddhists, Jews, folk religions, unaffiliated)
Age Structure
- 0-14 years: 34.47%
- 15-64 years: 61.55%
- 65 years and over: 3.98%
Dependency Ratios
Total Dependency Ratio: 62.7
Youth Dependency Ratio: 56.1
Elderly Dependency Ratio: 6.6
Median Age
Total: 20.4 years
Males: 20.1 years
Females: 20.7 years
Lifestyle Indicators
- Obesity Rate: 30.4% of the adult population
- Alcohol Consumption: Limited due to religious and cultural factors
- Tobacco Use: 22.6% of adults smoke tobacco
- Life Expectancy at Birth: 70.5. Life Expectancy at Birth refers to the estimated average number of years a newborn is expected to live based on current mortality rates. Higher values indicate better health outcomes and living conditions in a country or region.
- Literacy Rate (% of adults): 79%. It refers to the percentage of the population aged 15 and above who can read and write with understanding of a short simple statement about their everyday life. Higher literacy rates indicate better educational attainment within a population.
- Birth Rate:29.08. Birth Rate is the total number of live births per 1,000 population in a given year. Higher birth rates indicate a larger share of the population being born each year.
- Death Rate:5. Death Rate is the number of deaths per 1,000 population in a given year. Higher death rates indicate more people dying annually within a population.
- Fertility Rate: 3.67. Fertility Rate is the average number of children a woman would have over her reproductive years based on current birth rates. Higher fertility rates indicate larger family sizes and population growth.
- Internet Users (% of population): 43.4%. Internet Users (% of population) refers to the percentage of the total population in a country or region that has access to and uses the internet. Higher values indicate greater internet penetration and connectivity among the population.
- Urban Population: 27,783,368. Urban Population refers to the percentage or number of people living in urban areas or cities within a country or region. Higher urban population values indicate greater urbanization and concentration of people in cities compared to rural areas.
- Out of Pocket Health Expenditure (% of total health expenditure):76.50%. Out of Pocket Health Expenditure (% of total health expenditure) represents the portion of total health care costs that individuals pay directly out of their own pockets, rather than being covered by insurance or government programs. Higher values indicate greater personal financial burden for health care expenses.
Infrastructure and Services
Military and Security Forces
Iraq’s military and security forces consist of the following main branches:
- Iraqi Army – The largest branch, responsible for ground operations and territorial defense.
- Iraqi Air Force – Manages air operations and air defense capabilities.
- Iraqi Navy – Smaller branch focused on coastal and maritime security.
- Counter-Terrorism Service (CTS) – An elite special operations force dedicated to counterterrorism operations.
The Iraqi Federal Police is a paramilitary law enforcement agency responsible for maintaining internal security and supporting the military in counterinsurgency operations.
Military Expenditures
Iraq’s military expenditures as a percentage of GDP for the last five years:
- 2022: 5.1%
- 2021: 5.7%
- 2020: 6.2%
- 2019: 6.8%
- 2018: 7.3%
Iraq ranks among the top 30 countries globally in terms of military spending.
Personnel Strengths
Iraq’s active-duty military personnel strength stands at approximately 230,000, with the following breakdown by service branch:
- Iraqi Army – 180,000
- Iraqi Air Force – 30,000
- Iraqi Navy – 5,000
- Counter-Terrorism Service (CTS) – 15,000
The Iraqi Federal Police has a strength of around 60,000 personnel.
Military Equipment Inventories and Acquisitions
Iraq’s military equipment inventory includes a mix of domestically produced and imported hardware, primarily from the United States, Russia, and other allied nations. Key assets include:
- Ground Forces – Main battle tanks, armored personnel carriers, artillery systems, and infantry fighting vehicles.
- Air Forces – Fighter jets, attack helicopters, and transport aircraft.
- Naval Forces – Patrol boats, coastal defense systems, and minesweepers.
Iraq is currently pursuing the acquisition of additional F-16 fighter jets, M1A1 Abrams tanks, and various air defense systems from the United States as part of its military modernization efforts.
Military Service Age and Obligation
Iraq has a voluntary military service system with the following age requirements:
- Army and Air Force – 18-40 years (voluntary enlistment)
- Navy – 18-35 years (voluntary enlistment)
There is no mandatory military service obligation, but the government offers various incentives and programs to encourage voluntary enlistment.
Military Deployments
Iraq currently has a limited number of military personnel deployed overseas, primarily as part of international peacekeeping missions. These include:
- United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) – Approximately 200 Iraqi personnel are deployed as part of this peacekeeping mission.
- NATO Mission Iraq (NMI) – A small contingent of Iraqi personnel is involved in this advisory and capacity-building mission.
Strategic Military Notes
Iraq’s defense strategy is primarily focused on countering internal threats, such as terrorism and insurgency, while also maintaining territorial integrity and border security. The country has placed a significant emphasis on rebuilding its military capabilities and strengthening its counterterrorism forces in the aftermath of the conflict with the Islamic State (IS).
Iraq maintains close military partnerships with the United States and other coalition partners, who provide training, advisory support, and equipment assistance. The country is also a member of various regional and international security organizations, including the Arab League and the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC).
- Armed Forces Size: 193000. Armed Forces Size refers to the total number of active personnel serving in a country’s military forces, including the army, navy, air force, and other branches. Higher values indicate a larger military presence and personnel.
- Physicians per Thousand: Number of doctors per 1,000 people is 0.71
- Population: Labor Force Participation (%): 43.00%. This is the percentage of the total population aged 15 and older that is economically active, meaning they are either employed or actively seeking employment. Higher values indicate a greater proportion of the working-age population engaged in the labor force.