Denmark: general information about country, happiness index 2024

World Happiness Report for Denmark 2024

  • Overall Happiness Rank Denmark: 2
  • Happiness Score Denmark:7.583

Happiness is a subjective concept that has long been debated by philosophers, psychologists, and economists alike. However, in recent years, there has been a growing interest in quantifying happiness and using it as a measure of a nation’s overall well-being. This is where the concept of the Happiness Index comes into play.

What is the Happiness Index?

The Happiness Index is a measure that attempts to quantify the overall happiness and life satisfaction of a country’s population. It is based on the idea that traditional economic indicators, such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP), do not fully capture the overall well-being of a society. The Happiness Index takes into account various factors that contribute to an individual’s sense of happiness and life satisfaction, including social support, freedom to make life choices, healthy life expectancy, and perceptions of corruption.

How is the Happiness Index Calculated?

The Happiness Index is calculated through a combination of subjective and objective data. The primary source of data is the Gallup World Poll, which is a survey conducted in over 160 countries. The survey asks respondents to rate their overall life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10, with 0 being the worst possible life and 10 being the best possible life.

In addition to the life satisfaction score, the Happiness Index also takes into account the following factors:

  1. GDP per capita: This is a measure of a country’s economic output and standard of living.
  2. Social support: This factor measures the extent to which individuals have supportive relationships and love in their lives.
  3. Healthy life expectancy: This is a measure of the number of years an individual is expected to live in good health.
  4. Freedom to make life choices: This factor measures the extent to which individuals are able to make decisions about their lives without external constraints.
  5. Generosity: This factor measures the extent to which individuals engage in charitable activities and donate to others.
  6. Perceptions of corruption: This factor measures the extent to which individuals perceive their society to be free from corruption.

These factors are weighted and combined to produce an overall Happiness Index score for each country.

What Does the Happiness Index Affect?

The Happiness Index has significant implications for policymaking and societal well-being. Countries with higher Happiness Index scores are generally considered to have better overall quality of life and well-being for their citizens. This can have positive impacts on various aspects of society, including:

  1. Economic productivity: Happier individuals tend to be more productive and engaged in their work, which can contribute to a country’s economic growth.
  2. Public health: Higher levels of happiness and life satisfaction are associated with better physical and mental health outcomes, which can reduce healthcare costs and improve overall well-being.
  3. Social cohesion: Societies with higher levels of happiness tend to have stronger social bonds and lower levels of conflict and crime.
  4. Environmental sustainability: Happier individuals may be more likely to engage in environmentally-friendly behaviors and support policies that promote sustainability.

By focusing on the factors that contribute to happiness and well-being, policymakers can develop strategies to improve the overall quality of life for their citizens. The Happiness Index provides a valuable tool for measuring progress and identifying areas where improvements can be made.

Short information

  • Abbreviation of Denmark. DK.

    Denmark is a Scandinavian country known for its constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy.

  • Denmark is home to the oldest monarchy in the world, dating back to the 10th century.
  • It is renowned for its design and architecture, with a strong focus on sustainability and functionality.
  • Denmark consistently ranks as one of the happiest and most prosperous countries in the world.
  • Denmark – A Comprehensive Overview

    Early History and Ancient Civilizations

    The earliest traces of human settlement in Denmark date back to around 12,500 BC, during the Paleolithic era. The first known inhabitants were nomadic hunter-gatherers, followed by the arrival of the Neolithic people, who introduced agriculture and animal husbandry to the region. The Bronze Age witnessed the construction of impressive burial mounds and the development of metalworking skills.

    Kingdoms and Empires

    Denmark’s history is closely tied to the Vikings, who dominated the region from the late 8th to the late 11th century. During this era, the Danish Vikings launched raids and established settlements across Europe, leaving an indelible mark on the continent’s culture and history. The Danish Kingdom emerged in the 10th century, with the unification of various tribes under the rule of King Gorm the Old.

    Colonial Period

    Denmark established several colonial territories, including Greenland, the Danish West Indies (now the U.S. Virgin Islands), and enclaves in India and Africa. While its colonial empire was relatively small, Denmark played a significant role in the transatlantic slave trade, with its involvement lasting from the 17th to the 19th century.

    Independence and Modern Era

    Denmark has remained an independent nation throughout its history, with the exception of brief periods of foreign occupation during the Napoleonic Wars and World War II. In the modern era, Denmark has evolved into a prosperous and stable democracy, with a strong social welfare system and a commitment to environmental sustainability.

    Current Political Situation

    Denmark is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system of government. The current monarch is Queen Margrethe II, while the prime minister is the head of government and leader of the ruling political party or coalition. Recent elections have seen a shift towards more conservative policies, with a focus on issues such as immigration and integration.

    International Relations

    Denmark is a founding member of NATO and has been an active participant in peacekeeping missions and international organizations like the United Nations and the European Union. The country has maintained close ties with its Scandinavian neighbors and has played a role in mediating conflicts in various parts of the world.

    Human Development and Economy

    Denmark consistently ranks among the top countries in the world in terms of human development, with high standards of living, quality education, and healthcare systems. The economy is driven by industries such as renewable energy, pharmaceuticals, shipping, and agriculture. Denmark is also known for its strong emphasis on sustainability and green initiatives.

    Cultural Highlights

    Danish culture is characterized by a rich literary tradition, with renowned authors like Hans Christian Andersen and Karen Blixen. The country is also known for its design and architecture, with notable contributions in furniture, fashion, and sustainable urban planning. Denmark celebrates its cultural heritage through events like the annual Copenhagen Jazz Festival and the Roskilde Festival, one of the largest music festivals in Europe.

    Challenges and Opportunities

    Some of the key challenges facing Denmark include managing the impacts of climate change, addressing income inequality and social integration issues, and maintaining its competitiveness in a global economy. Opportunities lie in leveraging its strengths in innovation, renewable energy, and sustainable practices to drive economic growth and address global challenges.

    Travel Tips for Denmark

    Best Times to Visit: The peak tourist season in Denmark is during the summer months (June to August) when the weather is mild and sunny. However, visiting in the shoulder seasons of spring (April-May) and fall (September-October) can offer milder temperatures and fewer crowds.

    Cultural Etiquette: Danes are generally reserved and value personal space. Punctuality is important, and it’s considered rude to be late. Greeting with a firm handshake is common. Respect for rules and orderliness is also appreciated.

Main facts

Location

Denmark is a sovereign state located in Northern Europe, consisting of the Jutland Peninsula and several islands, including Zealand, Funen, Lolland, Falster, and Bornholm. It shares borders with Germany to the north and is surrounded by the Baltic Sea to the east, the Kattegat and the Skagerrak Strait to the north, and the North Sea to the west.

Map References

Denmark is located in Northern Europe and is part of the Scandinavian region.

Area – Comparative

Denmark has a total area of approximately 16,640 square miles (43,094 square kilometers), making it slightly smaller than the state of West Virginia in the United States.

Land Boundaries and Border Countries

Denmark has a total land border of 68 miles (109 kilometers), shared solely with Germany to the north.

Coastline (if applicable)

Denmark has a coastline of 4,544 miles (7,314 kilometers), characterized by numerous fjords, inlets, and straits, providing access to the North Sea and the Baltic Sea.

Maritime Claims

Denmark claims a territorial sea of 12 nautical miles, an exclusive economic zone of 200 nautical miles, and a continental shelf of 200 nautical miles or the edge of the continental margin.

Climate

Denmark has a temperate maritime climate, influenced by the North Atlantic Drift, which brings mild temperatures and moderate rainfall. The climate is generally cool, with warm summers and mild, windy winters.

Terrain

The terrain of Denmark is predominantly flat or gently rolling, with low hills in the eastern and northern parts of the country. The highest point is Møllehøj, which rises to 171 meters (561 feet) above sea level.

Elevation Extremes

The lowest point in Denmark is the Lammefjord, which is -7 meters (-23 feet) below sea level, and the highest point is Møllehøj at 171 meters (561 feet).

Natural Resources

Denmark’s primary natural resources include petroleum, natural gas, fish, salt, limestone, chalk, and stone.

Major Bodies of Water

The major bodies of water in Denmark include the North Sea, the Baltic Sea, the Kattegat and the Skagerrak Strait, the Limfjord, and several large lakes such as Arresø and Esromsø.

Natural Hazards

The main natural hazards in Denmark include flooding from storm surges, particularly in coastal areas, and the potential for earthquakes, although seismic activity is generally low.

Geography – Notes

Denmark is a flat country, with an extensive coastline and numerous islands. Its geographical location has made it an important maritime nation, with a strong focus on fishing, shipbuilding, and naval activities throughout its history.

  • Forest Area (% of land area): 14.70%. This is the percentage of a country’s total land area that is covered by natural or planted forests.
  • Co2 Emissions: 31,786. CO2 emissions refer to the release of carbon dioxide gas into the atmosphere, primarily from the burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas) for energy production, transportation, and industrial processes.
  • Agricultural Land( %). 62.00%. Agricultural land refers to the share of land area that is arable and used for cultivating crops or raising livestock.
  • Geographic Coordinates:  56.263929.501785.
  • Capital: The capital of Denmark is  Copenhagen
  • Major Cities:
    • Copenhagen – Population: 794,128
    • Aarhus – Population: 273,077
    • Odense – Population: 204,716
    • Aalborg – Population: 114,194
  • Population: 5,818,553
  • Area(Km2): 43094
  • Population Density( P/Km²):137. This is the number of people living per square kilometer of land area in a given region or country.
  • Calling Code:45
  • Official Language(s):Denmark is Danish (100%).
  • Currency: DKK

Main Economic Indicators

Denmark has a modern, prosperous economy with a high standard of living. It is a mixed economy with a significant welfare system and a highly developed private sector. Denmark’s economy is largely driven by exports, with a strong emphasis on industries like pharmaceuticals, renewable energy, and shipping. Key economic challenges include addressing labor shortages, maintaining competitiveness, and ensuring the sustainability of its welfare system in light of an aging population.

Inflation Rate (Consumer Prices)

2022: 7.7% (Source: Statistics Denmark)
2021: 1.9% (Source: Statistics Denmark)

Credit Ratings

Fitch: AAA (Stable)
Moody’s: Aaa (Stable)
Standard & Poor’s: AAA (Stable)

GDP – Composition by Sector of Origin

Agriculture: 1.2%
Industry: 22.6%
Services: 76.2%

Key Agricultural and Industrial Products

Agricultural Products: Pork, dairy products, fish, grains, seeds, cereals
Industrial Products: Wind turbines, pharmaceuticals, medical equipment, ships, machinery, furniture, food processing

Labor Force

Total Labor Force: 2.9 million (Ranked 30th globally)
Comparative Ranking: High, with a high participation rate and low unemployment

Current Account Balance

2022: $32.9 billion (Ranked 14th globally)
2021: $34.3 billion (Ranked 14th globally)

Exports and Imports

Total Exports (2022): $176.8 billion
Key Export Partners: Germany, Sweden, United States, United Kingdom, Norway
Main Exports: Machinery, pharmaceuticals, wind turbines, meat, fish, furniture
Total Imports (2022): $151.6 billion
Key Import Partners: Germany, Sweden, Netherlands, China, United Kingdom
Main Imports: Machinery, vehicles, pharmaceuticals, crude oil, chemicals

Reserves of Foreign Exchange and Gold

Foreign Exchange Reserves (March 2023): $89.7 billion
Gold Reserves (March 2023): 66.5 tonnes

  • GDP (Current US$):$348,078,018,464. It represents a country’s gross domestic product measured in current US dollars. Higher values indicate a larger economy and economic output.
  • Tax Revenue (% of GDP): 32.40%. It refers to the amount of tax revenue collected by the government, expressed as a percentage of the country’s gross domestic product (GDP). Higher values indicate a higher tax burden relative to the size of the economy.
  • Total Tax Rate (% of commercial profits): 23.80%. This is the sum of all taxes payable by businesses, expressed as a percentage of their commercial profits. Higher values indicate a higher tax burden on businesses.
  • Gasoline Price. $1.55. It refers to the cost of one liter or gallon of gasoline/petrol. Higher values indicate more expensive gasoline prices for consumers and businesses.
  • Minimum wage. . It refers to the lowest legally mandated hourly wage that employers must pay their workers. Higher values indicate a higher minimum level of pay for low-wage workers.
  • Unemployment Rate (%): 4.91%. It represents the percentage of the labor force that is unemployed and actively seeking employment. Higher values indicate more joblessness in the economy.

Social Indicators

1. National Identity

Noun: Danes
Adjective: Danish

2. Ethnic Groups

Major Ethnic Groups:
– Danish (86.7%)
– Turkish (1.1%)
– Other (12.2%)

3. Religions

Religious Affiliations:
– Christian (76%)
– Muslim (5.3%)
– Other/None (18.7%)

4. Age Structure

Population Distribution:
– 0-14 years: 16.5%
– 15-64 years: 63.3%
– 65 years and over: 20.2%

5. Dependency Ratios

Total Dependency Ratio: 58.1%
Youth Dependency Ratio: 25.2%
Elderly Dependency Ratio: 32.9%

6. Median Age

Median Age: 42.5 years
Median Age (Male): 41.4 years
Median Age (Female): 43.6 years

7. Lifestyle Indicators

Obesity Rate: 19.7% of the adult population
Alcohol Consumption: 10.4 liters of pure alcohol per capita (annually)
Tobacco Use: 16.8% of adults (aged 15+)

  • Life Expectancy at Birth: 81. Life Expectancy at Birth refers to the estimated average number of years a newborn is expected to live based on current mortality rates. Higher values indicate better health outcomes and living conditions in a country or region.
  • Literacy Rate (% of adults): 99%. It refers to the percentage of the population aged 15 and above who can read and write with understanding of a short simple statement about their everyday life. Higher literacy rates indicate better educational attainment within a population.
  • Birth Rate:10.6. Birth Rate is the total number of live births per 1,000 population in a given year. Higher birth rates indicate a larger share of the population being born each year.
  • Death Rate:10. Death Rate is the number of deaths per 1,000 population in a given year. Higher death rates indicate more people dying annually within a population.
  • Fertility Rate: 1.73. Fertility Rate is the average number of children a woman would have over her reproductive years based on current birth rates. Higher fertility rates indicate larger family sizes and population growth.
  • Internet Users (% of population): 92.4%. Internet Users (% of population) refers to the percentage of the total population in a country or region that has access to and uses the internet. Higher values indicate greater internet penetration and connectivity among the population.
  • Urban Population: 5,119,978. Urban Population refers to the percentage or number of people living in urban areas or cities within a country or region. Higher urban population values indicate greater urbanization and concentration of people in cities compared to rural areas.
  • Out of Pocket Health Expenditure (% of total health expenditure):13.70%. Out of Pocket Health Expenditure (% of total health expenditure) represents the portion of total health care costs that individuals pay directly out of their own pockets, rather than being covered by insurance or government programs. Higher values indicate greater personal financial burden for health care expenses.

Infrastructure and Services

Military and Security Forces

The Danish military consists of four main branches:

  • Royal Danish Army – The land warfare branch.
  • Royal Danish Navy – Including the Royal Danish Marine Corps and Frogman Corps (elite maritime special operations force).
  • Royal Danish Air Force
  • Royal Danish Home Guard – A volunteer militia that serves as a support force for the military.

The national police force, Politi, handles internal security and law enforcement matters.

Military Expenditures

Denmark’s military expenditure as a percentage of GDP for the last five years:

  • 2022: 1.64%
  • 2021: 1.52%
  • 2020: 1.40%
  • 2019: 1.34%
  • 2018: 1.28%

Denmark ranks 25th globally in military spending as a share of GDP.

Personnel Strengths

Total active-duty military personnel: 16,500

  • Army: 6,000
  • Navy: 3,000
  • Air Force: 2,500
  • Other services: 5,000

The Danish Home Guard has approximately 15,000 volunteers.

Military Equipment Inventories and Acquisitions

Denmark’s military employs a mix of domestically produced and imported equipment, including:

  • Armored vehicles: Leopard 2A6 main battle tanks, CV9030 infantry fighting vehicles
  • Artillery: M109A3 self-propelled howitzers, CAESAR self-propelled guns
  • Naval vessels: Absalon-class support ships, Thetis-class frigates, Iver Huitfeldt-class frigates
  • Aircraft: F-16 Fighting Falcon multi-role fighters, EH101 Merlin helicopters

Notable future acquisitions include the Joint Strike Fighter program for F-35 fighter jets and new Arctic patrol vessels for the Navy.

Military Service Age and Obligation

Denmark has a voluntary military service system with no conscription. The age range for voluntary service is 18-35. There are no special enlistment programs or recent changes to military service policies.

Military Deployments

Denmark currently has military forces deployed in several overseas missions, including:

  • NATO Enhanced Forward Presence in Estonia (200 personnel)
  • United Nations Peacekeeping missions in Mali (90 personnel) and Cyprus (275 personnel)

Denmark is also involved in counter-terrorism operations in the Middle East and North Africa.

Strategic Military Notes

Denmark’s defense strategy focuses on collective security through NATO and maintaining a modern, well-equipped military capable of contributing to international operations. Key priorities include:

  • Protecting national sovereignty and territorial integrity
  • Ensuring security in the Baltic Sea region and Arctic
  • Contributing to global security and peacekeeping efforts

Denmark is a founding member of NATO and maintains close defense partnerships with its Nordic and European allies.

  • Armed Forces Size: 15000. Armed Forces Size refers to the total number of active personnel serving in a country’s military forces, including the army, navy, air force, and other branches. Higher values indicate a larger military presence and personnel.
  • Physicians per Thousand: Number of doctors per 1,000 people is 04.01
  • Population: Labor Force Participation (%): 62.20%. This is the percentage of the total population aged 15 and older that is economically active, meaning they are either employed or actively seeking employment. Higher values indicate a greater proportion of the working-age population engaged in the labor force.

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